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Kandil E, Saeed A, Buell J. Surgical approaches for liver metastases in carcinoid tumors. Gland Surg. 2015;4(5):442-6doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.04.10.
Kandil, E., Saeed, A., & Buell, J. (2015). Surgical approaches for liver metastases in carcinoid tumors. Gland surgery, 4(5), 442-6. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.04.10
Kandil, Emad, et al. "Surgical approaches for liver metastases in carcinoid tumors." Gland surgery vol. 4,5 (2015): 442-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.04.10
Kandil E, Saeed A, Buell J. Surgical approaches for liver metastases in carcinoid tumors. Gland Surg. 2015 Oct;4(5):442-6. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.04.10. PMID: 26425458; PMCID: PMC4561664.
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Gland Surg. 2015 Oct;4(5):442-6. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.04.10.

Surgical approaches for liver metastases in carcinoid tumors.

Gland surgery

Emad Kandil, Ahmad Saeed, Joseph Buell

Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

PMID: 26425458 PMCID: PMC4561664 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2015.04.10

Abstract

Liver is the commonest site for metastasis in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); it occurs in 45-95% of patients. Available treatment options include surgical resection, liver transplantation, chemotherapy and biotherapy. Surgery is the gold standard for curative therapy. Typically, a multidisciplinary approach is a cornerstone for decision making while dealing with this aggressive disease. This review will focus on the performance and safety of open, laparoscopic, and liver transplant surgical approaches in NETs patients with liver metastases.

Keywords: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); laparoscopic hepatic resection; liver metastases; liver transplant

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