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Dresler T, Barth B, Ethofer T, et al. Imaging genetics in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a way towards pathophysiological understanding?. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2014;1:6doi: 10.1186/2051-6673-1-6.
Dresler, T., Barth, B., Ethofer, T., Lesch, K. P., Ehlis, A. C., & Fallgatter, A. J. (2014). Imaging genetics in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a way towards pathophysiological understanding?. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-6673-1-6
Dresler, Thomas, et al. "Imaging genetics in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a way towards pathophysiological understanding?." Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation vol. 1 (2014): 6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/2051-6673-1-6
Dresler T, Barth B, Ethofer T, Lesch KP, Ehlis AC, Fallgatter AJ. Imaging genetics in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a way towards pathophysiological understanding?. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2014 May 12;1:6. doi: 10.1186/2051-6673-1-6. eCollection 2014. PMID: 26401290; PMCID: PMC4574388.
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Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2014 May 12;1:6. doi: 10.1186/2051-6673-1-6. eCollection 2014.

Imaging genetics in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a way towards pathophysiological understanding?.

Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation

Thomas Dresler, Beatrix Barth, Thomas Ethofer, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Andreas J Fallgatter

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; Graduate School of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
  4. Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
  5. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ; CIN, Center of Integrative Neuroscience, Excellence Cluster, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

PMID: 26401290 PMCID: PMC4574388 DOI: 10.1186/2051-6673-1-6

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, early-onset and enduring developmental disorder whose underlying etiological and neurobiological processes are the current focus of major research. Research strategies have made considerable effort in elucidating the complex genetic architecture of ADHD and indicate various pathways from genotype to phenotype. Understanding ADHD as a neuropsychiatric disorder enabled to investigate markers of neural activity as endophenotypes to better explain the link from gene to symptomatology (the so-called imaging genetics approach). Overcoming the originally rather restrictive requirements for an endophenotype, imaging genetics studies are supposed to offer a much more flexible and hypothesis-driven approach towards the etiology of ADHD. Although 1) ADHD often persists into adulthood, thus remaining a prevalent disorder, and 2) imaging genetics provides a promising research approach, a review on imaging genetics in adult ADHD - as available for childhood ADHD (Durston 2010) - is lacking. In this review, therefore, findings from the few available imaging genetics studies in adult ADHD will be summarized and complemented by relevant findings from healthy controls and children with ADHD that are considered important for the adult ADHD imaging genetics approach. The studies will be reviewed regarding implications for basic research and possible practical applications. Imaging genetics studies in adult ADHD have the potential to further clarify pathophysiological pathways and mechanisms, to derive new testable hypotheses, to investigate genetic interaction effects and to partly influence practical applications. In combination with other research strategies, they can incrementally foster the understanding of relevant processes in a more comprehensive way. Current limitations comprise the incapability to discover new genes, a high genetic load in patients potentially obscuring the effect of single candidate genes, the mostly unknown heritability of the endophenotype and the heterogeneous manifestation of ADHD.

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