J Oral Microbiol. 2015 Sep 04;7:28223. doi: 10.3402/jom.v7.28223. eCollection 2015.

Progress in oral personalized medicine: contribution of 'omics'.

Journal of oral microbiology

Ingrid Glurich, Amit Acharya, Murray H Brilliant, Sanjay K Shukla

PMID: 26344171 PMCID: PMC4561229 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.28223

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Precision medicine (PM), representing clinically applicable personalized medicine, proactively integrates and interprets multidimensional personal health data, including clinical, 'omics', and environmental profiles, into clinical practice. Realization of PM remains in progress.

OBJECTIVE: The focus of this review is to provide a descriptive narrative overview of: 1) the current status of oral personalized medicine; and 2) recent advances in genomics and related 'omic' and emerging research domains contributing to advancing oral-systemic PM, with special emphasis on current understanding of oral microbiomes.

DESIGN: A scan of peer-reviewed literature describing oral PM or 'omic'-based research conducted on humans/data published in English within the last 5 years in journals indexed in the PubMed database was conducted using mesh search terms. An evidence-based approach was used to report on recent advances with potential to advance PM in the context of historical critical and systematic reviews to delineate current state-of-the-art technologies. Special focus was placed on oral microbiome research associated with health and disease states, emerging research domains, and technological advances, which are positioning realization of PM.

RESULTS: This review summarizes: 1) evolving conceptualization of personalized medicine; 2) emerging insight into roles of oral infectious and inflammatory processes as contributors to both oral and systemic diseases; 3) community shifts in microbiota that may contribute to disease; 4) evidence pointing to new uncharacterized potential oral pathogens; 5) advances in technological approaches to 'omics' research that will accelerate PM; 6) emerging research domains that expand insights into host-microbe interaction including inter-kingdom communication, systems and network analysis, and salivaomics; and 7) advances in informatics and big data analysis capabilities to facilitate interpretation of host and microbiome-associated datasets. Furthermore, progress in clinically applicable screening assays and biomarker definition to inform clinical care are briefly explored.

CONCLUSION: Advancement of oral PM currently remains in research and discovery phases. Although substantive progress has been made in advancing the understanding of the role of microbiome dynamics in health and disease and is being leveraged to advance early efforts at clinical translation, further research is required to discern interpretable constituency patterns in the complex interactions of these microbial communities in health and disease. Advances in biotechnology and bioinformatics facilitating novel approaches to rapid analysis and interpretation of large datasets are providing new insights into oral health and disease, potentiating clinical application and advancing realization of PM within the next decade.

Keywords: big data; biomarkers; microbiota; precision medicine; ‘omics’

References

1. Int J Prev Med. 2013 Sep;4(9):988-94 - PubMed
2. J Periodontol. 2010 Dec;81(12):1708-24 - PubMed
3. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Aug 26;6(8):e1001078 - PubMed
4. Oral Dis. 2007 Nov;13(6):508-12 - PubMed
5. Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jan;14(1):4-12 - PubMed
6. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:814092 - PubMed
7. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;43(3):725-38 - PubMed
8. J Periodontol. 2010 Sep;81(9):1336-41 - PubMed
9. Aust Dent J. 2010 Sep;55(3):238-44; quiz 353 - PubMed
10. Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Mar;23(3):399-404 - PubMed
11. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 May 12;(5):CD004714 - PubMed
12. J Aging Health. 2014 Sep;26(6):900-23 - PubMed
13. Environ Microbiol. 2012 Sep;14(9):2564-76 - PubMed
14. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999 Sep;31(9):1749-69 - PubMed
15. Ann Periodontol. 1998 Jul;3(1):30-9 - PubMed
16. Carcinogenesis. 2012 May;33(5):1055-8 - PubMed
17. Mol Diagn Ther. 2013 Jun;17 (3):165-84 - PubMed
18. J Bacteriol. 2010 Oct;192(19):5002-17 - PubMed
19. ISME J. 2012 Jun;6(6):1176-85 - PubMed
20. Front Genet. 2014 Jun 17;5:184 - PubMed
21. Obes Rev. 2011 May;12(5):e381-404 - PubMed
22. Proc Conf AAAI Artif Intell. 2012 Jul;2012:790-793 - PubMed
23. J Periodontal Res. 2013 Feb;48(1):30-6 - PubMed
24. Biocell. 2011 Aug;35(2):43-9 - PubMed
25. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2009;12(5-6):334-61 - PubMed
26. Nutr Rev. 2012 Aug;70 Suppl 1:S2-9 - PubMed
27. AAPS J. 2006 Mar 10;8(1):E101-11 - PubMed
28. Microb Ecol. 2014 May;67(4):962-9 - PubMed
29. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Mar 27;10(3):e1003933 - PubMed
30. Adv Dent Res. 2011 Oct;23(4):375-80 - PubMed
31. Curr Gene Ther. 2014;14(6):473-81 - PubMed
32. ISME J. 2013 Sep;7(9):1710-24 - PubMed
33. Oral Dis. 2012 Mar;18(2):109-20 - PubMed
34. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):793-5 - PubMed
35. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012 Oct;143(10 Suppl):19S-24S - PubMed
36. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 12;9(2):e76458 - PubMed
37. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 28;9(2):e89269 - PubMed
38. BMC Microbiol. 2009 Dec 15;9:259 - PubMed
39. ISME J. 2010 Aug;4(8):962-74 - PubMed
40. Toxicol Sci. 2011 Mar;120(1):1-13 - PubMed
41. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Aug;73(16):5261-7 - PubMed
42. BMC Genomics. 2010 Sep 28;11:523 - PubMed
43. J Dent Res. 2005 Dec;84(12):1154-9 - PubMed
44. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012 Sep;12(3 Suppl):20-8 - PubMed
45. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 22;8(4):e61516 - PubMed
46. J Periodontol. 1991 Feb;62(2):123-31 - PubMed
47. Ann Periodontol. 2003 Dec;8(1):54-69 - PubMed
48. Gut. 2012 Apr;61(4):582-8 - PubMed
49. Front Microbiol. 2014 Oct 13;5:508 - PubMed
50. Nephron Clin Pract. 2014;128(1-2):107-14 - PubMed
51. Arch Oral Biol. 2013 Jul;58(7):762-72 - PubMed
52. Chin J Dent Res. 2012;15(1):7-15 - PubMed
53. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Nov;43(11):5721-32 - PubMed
54. Ann Periodontol. 1998 Jul;3(1):51-61 - PubMed
55. J Periodontol. 2013 Apr;84(4 Suppl):S8-S19 - PubMed
56. Ann Periodontol. 2001 Dec;6(1):1-8 - PubMed
57. Genome Res. 2012 Feb;22(2):292-8 - PubMed
58. Mucosal Immunol. 2011 Mar;4(2):133-8 - PubMed
59. J Clin Periodontol. 2014 Nov;41(11):1027-36 - PubMed
60. ISME J. 2014 Aug;8(8):1659-72 - PubMed
61. Carcinogenesis. 2013 Oct;34(10):2193-7 - PubMed
62. Oral Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):1-17 - PubMed
63. Biochem Soc Trans. 2001 May;29(Pt 2):122-8 - PubMed
64. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;662:167-78 - PubMed
65. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb;33(2):421-7 - PubMed
66. Pharmacol Res. 2013 Mar;69(1):137-43 - PubMed
67. Diabetes Metab. 2008 Nov;34(5):497-506 - PubMed
68. Mucosal Immunol. 2011 Jul;4(4):409-19 - PubMed
69. Microb Ecol. 2010 Oct;60(3):677-90 - PubMed
70. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 22;6(4):e19051 - PubMed
71. ISME J. 2012 Jan;6(1):46-56 - PubMed
72. Open Biol. 2014 Jul;4(7):null - PubMed
73. Mol Microbiol. 2013 Feb;87(3):455-65 - PubMed
74. Trends Mol Med. 2015 Aug;21(8):461-2 - PubMed
75. Int Neurourol J. 2014 Jun;18(2):50-7 - PubMed
76. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013 Apr;144(4):371-9 - PubMed
77. J Diabetes Investig. 2013 Sep 13;4(5):502-9 - PubMed
78. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013 Dec;41(6):517-25 - PubMed

Publication Types

• Journal Article

Grant support

• U01 HG006389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States
• UL1 TR000427/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States