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Mashanov VS, Zueva OR, García-Arrarás JE. Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system. Front Neuroanat. 2015;9:123doi: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00123.
Mashanov, V. S., Zueva, O. R., & García-Arrarás, J. E. (2015). Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system. Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 9123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2015.00123
Mashanov, Vladimir S, et al. "Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system." Frontiers in neuroanatomy vol. 9 (2015): 123. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2015.00123
Mashanov VS, Zueva OR, García-Arrarás JE. Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system. Front Neuroanat. 2015 Sep 22;9:123. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00123. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26441553; PMCID: PMC4585025.
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Front Neuroanat. 2015 Sep 22;9:123. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00123. eCollection 2015.

Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

Vladimir S Mashanov, Olga R Zueva, José E García-Arrarás

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, PR, USA.

PMID: 26441553 PMCID: PMC4585025 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00123

Abstract

Adult neurogenesis, generation of new functional cells in the mature central nervous system (CNS), has been documented in a number of diverse organisms, ranging from humans to invertebrates. However, the origin and evolution of this phenomenon is still poorly understood for many of the key phylogenetic groups. Echinoderms are one such phylum, positioned as a sister group to chordates within the monophyletic clade Deuterostomia. They are well known for the ability of their adult organs, including the CNS, to completely regenerate after injury. Nothing is known, however, about production of new cells in the nervous tissue under normal physiological conditions in these animals. In this study, we show that new cells are continuously generated in the mature radial nerve cord (RNC) of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. Importantly, this neurogenic activity is not evenly distributed, but is significantly more extensive in the lateral regions of the RNC than along the midline. Some of the new cells generated in the apical region of the ectoneural neuroepithelium leave their place of origin and migrate basally to populate the neural parenchyma. Gene expression analysis showed that generation of new cells in the adult sea cucumber CNS is associated with transcriptional activity of genes known to be involved in regulation of various aspects of neurogenesis in other animals. Further analysis of one of those genes, the transcription factor Myc, showed that it is expressed, in some, but not all radial glial cells, suggesting heterogeneity of this CNS progenitor cell population in echinoderms.

Keywords: CNS; Echinodermata; Myc; adult neurogenesis; neuroepithelium; radial glia

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