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Hodin J, Ferner MC, Ng G, et al. Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence. R Soc Open Sci. 2015;2(6):150114doi: 10.1098/rsos.150114.
Hodin, J., Ferner, M. C., Ng, G., Lowe, C. J., & Gaylord, B. (2015). Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence. Royal Society open science, 2(6), 150114. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150114
Hodin, Jason, et al. "Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence." Royal Society open science vol. 2,6 (2015): 150114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150114
Hodin J, Ferner MC, Ng G, Lowe CJ, Gaylord B. Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence. R Soc Open Sci. 2015 Jun 24;2(6):150114. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150114. eCollection 2015 Jun. PMID: 26543587; PMCID: PMC4632551.
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R Soc Open Sci. 2015 Jun 24;2(6):150114. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150114. eCollection 2015 Jun.

Rethinking competence in marine life cycles: ontogenetic changes in the settlement response of sand dollar larvae exposed to turbulence.

Royal Society open science

Jason Hodin, Matthew C Ferner, Gabriel Ng, Christopher J Lowe, Brian Gaylord

Affiliations

  1. Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University , Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
  2. San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and Department of Biology , San Francisco State University , Tiburon, CA 94920, USA.
  3. Bodega Marine Laboratory and Department of Evolution and Ecology , University of California at Davis , Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.

PMID: 26543587 PMCID: PMC4632551 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150114

Abstract

Complex life cycles have evolved independently numerous times in marine animals as well as in disparate algae. Such life histories typically involve a dispersive immature stage followed by settlement and metamorphosis to an adult stage on the sea floor. One commonality among animals exhibiting transitions of this type is that their larvae pass through a 'precompetent' period in which they do not respond to localized settlement cues, before entering a 'competent' period, during which cues can induce settlement. Despite the widespread existence of these two phases, relatively little is known about how larvae transition between them. Moreover, recent studies have blurred the distinction between the phases by demonstrating that fluid turbulence can spark precocious activation of competence. Here, we further investigate this phenomenon by exploring how larval interactions with turbulence change across ontogeny, focusing on offspring of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz). Our data indicate that larvae exhibit increased responsiveness to turbulence as they get older. We also demonstrate a likely cost to precocious competence: the resulting juveniles are smaller. Based upon these findings, we outline a new, testable conception of competence that has the potential to reshape our understanding of larval dispersal and connectivity among marine populations.

Keywords: Echinoidea; environmental cues; hydrodynamics; metamorphosis; recruitment; shear forces

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