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Del Giacco SR, Firinu D, Bjermer L, et al. Exercise and asthma: an overview. Eur Clin Respir J. 2015;2:27984doi: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.27984.
Del Giacco, S. R., Firinu, D., Bjermer, L., & Carlsen, K. H. (2015). Exercise and asthma: an overview. European clinical respiratory journal, 227984. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v2.27984
Del Giacco, Stefano R, et al. "Exercise and asthma: an overview." European clinical respiratory journal vol. 2 (2015): 27984. doi: https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v2.27984
Del Giacco SR, Firinu D, Bjermer L, Carlsen KH. Exercise and asthma: an overview. Eur Clin Respir J. 2015 Nov 03;2:27984. doi: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.27984. eCollection 2015. PMID: 26672959; PMCID: PMC4653278.
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Eur Clin Respir J. 2015 Nov 03;2:27984. doi: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.27984. eCollection 2015.

Exercise and asthma: an overview.

European clinical respiratory journal

Stefano R Del Giacco, Davide Firinu, Leif Bjermer, Kai-Håkon Carlsen

Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; [email protected].
  2. Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
  3. Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  4. Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

PMID: 26672959 PMCID: PMC4653278 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.27984

Abstract

The terms 'exercise-induced asthma' (EIA) and 'exercise-induced bronchoconstriction' (EIB) are often used interchangeably to describe symptoms of asthma such as cough, wheeze, or dyspnoea provoked by vigorous physical activity. In this review, we refer to EIB as the bronchoconstrictive response and to EIA when bronchoconstriction is associated with asthma symptoms. EIB is a common occurrence for most of the asthmatic patients, but it also affects more than 10% of otherwise healthy individuals as shown by epidemiological studies. EIA and EIB have a high prevalence also in elite athletes, especially within endurance type of sports, and an athlete's asthma phenotype has been described. However, the occurrence in elite athletes shows that EIA/EIB, if correctly managed, may not impair physical activity and top sports performance. The pathogenic mechanisms of EIA/EIB classically involve both osmolar and vascular changes in the airways in addition to cooling of the airways with parasympathetic stimulation. Airways inflammation plays a fundamental role in EIA/EIB. Diagnosis and pharmacological management must be carefully performed, with particular consideration of current anti-doping regulations, when caring for athletes. Based on the demonstration that the inhaled asthma drugs do not improve performance in healthy athletes, the doping regulations are presently much less strict than previously. Some sports are at a higher asthma risk than others, probably due to a high environmental exposure while performing the sport, with swimming and chlorine exposure during swimming as one example. It is considered very important for the asthmatic child and adolescent to master EIA/EIB to be able to participate in physical activity on an equal level with their peers, and a precise early diagnosis with optimal treatment follow-up is vital in this aspect. In addition, surprising recent preliminary evidences offer new perspectives for moderate exercise as a potential therapeutic tool for asthmatics.

Keywords: EIA; EIB; allergy; exercise-induced asthma; exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; sports

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