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Thielke SM, Diehr PH, Yee LM, et al. Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Observed Years of Life, Healthy Life, and Able Life among Older Adults in The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Pers Med. 2015;5(4):440-51doi: 10.3390/jpm5040440.
Thielke, S. M., Diehr, P. H., Yee, L. M., Arnold, A. M., Quiñones, A. R., Whitson, H. E., Jacob, M. E., & Newman, A. B. (2015). Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Observed Years of Life, Healthy Life, and Able Life among Older Adults in The Cardiovascular Health Study. Journal of personalized medicine, 5(4), 440-51. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm5040440
Thielke, Stephen M, et al. "Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Observed Years of Life, Healthy Life, and Able Life among Older Adults in The Cardiovascular Health Study." Journal of personalized medicine vol. 5,4 (2015): 440-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm5040440
Thielke SM, Diehr PH, Yee LM, Arnold AM, Quiñones AR, Whitson HE, Jacob ME, Newman AB. Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Observed Years of Life, Healthy Life, and Able Life among Older Adults in The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Pers Med. 2015 Nov 25;5(4):440-51. doi: 10.3390/jpm5040440. PMID: 26610574; PMCID: PMC4695864.
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J Pers Med. 2015 Nov 25;5(4):440-51. doi: 10.3390/jpm5040440.

Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Observed Years of Life, Healthy Life, and Able Life among Older Adults in The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Journal of personalized medicine

Stephen M Thielke, Paula H Diehr, Laura M Yee, Alice M Arnold, Ana R Quiñones, Heather E Whitson, Mini E Jacob, Anne B Newman

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. [email protected].
  2. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. [email protected].
  3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. [email protected].
  4. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. [email protected].
  5. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. [email protected].
  6. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. [email protected].
  7. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. [email protected].
  8. Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. [email protected].
  9. Department of Medicine (Geriatrics) and the Aging Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA. [email protected].
  10. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. [email protected].
  11. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. [email protected].
  12. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. [email protected].

PMID: 26610574 PMCID: PMC4695864 DOI: 10.3390/jpm5040440

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Longevity fails to account for health and functional status during aging. We sought to quantify differences in years of total life, years of healthy life, and years of able life among groups defined by age, sex, and race.

DESIGN: Primary analysis of a cohort study.

SETTING: 18 years of annual evaluations in four U.S. communities.

PARTICIPANTS: 5888 men and women aged 65 and older.

MEASUREMENTS: Years of life were calculated as the time from enrollment to death or 18 years. Years of total, healthy, and able life were determined from self-report during annual or semi-annual contacts. Cumulative years were summed across each of the age and sex groups.

RESULTS: White women had the best outcomes for all three measures, followed by white men, non-white women, and non-white men. For example, at the mean age of 73, a white female participant could expect 12.9 years of life, 8.9 of healthy life and 9.5 of able life, while a non-white female could expect 12.6, 7.0, and 8.0 years, respectively. A white male could expect 11.2, 8.1, and 8.9 years of life, healthy life, and able life, and a non-white male 10.3, 6.2, and 7.9 years. Regardless of starting age, individuals of the same race and sex groups spent similar amounts (not proportions) of time in an unhealthy or unable state.

CONCLUSION: Gender had a greater effect on longevity than did race, but race had a greater effect on years spent healthy or able. The mean number of years spent in an unable or sick state was surprisingly independent of the lifespan.

Keywords: ADL; able life; active life; healthy life; longevity

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