Display options
Cite
Saletta F, Wadham C, Ziegler DS, et al. Molecular profiling of childhood cancer: Biomarkers and novel therapies. BBA Clin. 2014;1:59-77doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003.
Saletta, F., Wadham, C., Ziegler, D. S., Marshall, G. M., Haber, M., McCowage, G., Norris, M. D., & Byrne, J. A. (2014). Molecular profiling of childhood cancer: Biomarkers and novel therapies. BBA clinical, 159-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003
Saletta, Federica, et al. "Molecular profiling of childhood cancer: Biomarkers and novel therapies." BBA clinical vol. 1 (2014): 59-77. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003
Saletta F, Wadham C, Ziegler DS, Marshall GM, Haber M, McCowage G, Norris MD, Byrne JA. Molecular profiling of childhood cancer: Biomarkers and novel therapies. BBA Clin. 2014 Jun 28;1:59-77. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003. eCollection 2014 Jun. PMID: 26675306; PMCID: PMC4633945.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

BBA Clin. 2014 Jun 28;1:59-77. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003. eCollection 2014 Jun.

Molecular profiling of childhood cancer: Biomarkers and novel therapies.

BBA clinical

Federica Saletta, Carol Wadham, David S Ziegler, Glenn M Marshall, Michelle Haber, Geoffrey McCowage, Murray D Norris, Jennifer A Byrne

Affiliations

  1. Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia.
  2. Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia.
  3. Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia ; Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia.
  4. The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia.
  5. Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia ; The University of Sydney Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia.

PMID: 26675306 PMCID: PMC4633945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.06.003

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Technological advances including high-throughput sequencing have identified numerous tumor-specific genetic changes in pediatric and adolescent cancers that can be exploited as targets for novel therapies.

SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the application of target-specific therapies for childhood cancers, either as single agents or in combination with other therapies. The review summarizes preclinical evidence on which clinical trials are based, early phase clinical trial results, and the incorporation of predictive biomarkers into clinical practice, according to cancer type.

MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: There is growing evidence that molecularly targeted therapies can valuably add to the arsenal available for treating childhood cancers, particularly when used in combination with other therapies. Nonetheless the introduction of molecularly targeted agents into practice remains challenging, due to the use of unselected populations in some clinical trials, inadequate methods to evaluate efficacy, and the need for improved preclinical models to both evaluate dosing and safety of combination therapies.

GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The increasing recognition of the heterogeneity of molecular causes of cancer favors the continued development of molecularly targeted agents, and their transfer to pediatric and adolescent populations.

Keywords: ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ARMS, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma; AT/RT, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor; AURKA, aurora kinase A; AURKB, aurora kinase B; BET, bromodomain and extra terminal; Biomarkers; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; Childhood cancer; DFMO, difluoromethylornithine; DIPG, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERMS, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma; HDAC, histone deacetylases; Hsp90, heat shock protein 90; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor; IGF/IGFR, insulin-like growth factor/receptor; Molecular diagnostics; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; ODC1, ornithine decarboxylase 1; PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PDGFRA/B, platelet derived growth factor alpha/beta; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase; PLK1, polo-like kinase 1; Ph +, Philadelphia chromosome-positive; RMS, rhabdomyosarcoma; SHH, sonic hedgehog; SMO, smoothened; SYK, spleen tyrosine kinase; TOP1/TOP2, DNA topoisomerase 1/2; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; Targeted therapy; VEGF/VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor; mAb, monoclonal antibody; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin

References

  1. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2007 Jan;6(1):53-62 - PubMed
  2. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 10;27(8):1290-6 - PubMed
  3. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Oct 15;18(20):5650-61 - PubMed
  4. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 May;9(5):1219-33 - PubMed
  5. Cancer Invest. 2006 Apr-May;24(3):310-7 - PubMed
  6. Sci Transl Med. 2010 Sep 29;2(51):51ra70 - PubMed
  7. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Dec 1;29(34):4534-40 - PubMed
  8. Cancer. 2006 Apr 15;106(8):1838-45 - PubMed
  9. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Feb;58(2):200-9 - PubMed
  10. Blood. 2013 May 23;121(21):4348-54 - PubMed
  11. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Apr;1845(2):266-76 - PubMed
  12. Invest New Drugs. 2013 Feb;31(1):39-45 - PubMed
  13. Oncologist. 2007 Jan;12 (1):107-13 - PubMed
  14. Blood. 2012 Oct 25;120(17 ):3510-8 - PubMed
  15. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Dec 1;29(34):4541-7 - PubMed
  16. Mol Cancer. 2006 Aug 09;5:31 - PubMed
  17. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 May;60(5):791-8 - PubMed
  18. Cell Cycle. 2010 May;9(9):1830-8 - PubMed
  19. J Clin Oncol. 2014 May 10;32(14):1445-52 - PubMed
  20. J Cell Biochem. 2014 Apr;115(4):625-31 - PubMed
  21. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Mar 1;16(5):1478-85 - PubMed
  22. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Jul 15;55(1):26-34 - PubMed
  23. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Dec;8(12):3341-9 - PubMed
  24. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 15;18(12):3212-7 - PubMed
  25. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 1;27(31):5175-81 - PubMed
  26. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Jul-Aug;62(4):220-41 - PubMed
  27. Cancer Lett. 2001 Jan;162 Suppl:S23-S32 - PubMed
  28. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 1;19(7):1795-805 - PubMed
  29. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jan 4;4(115):115ra3 - PubMed
  30. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Jun 2;102(11):758-70 - PubMed
  31. Oncol Rep. 2008 Feb;19(2):353-9 - PubMed
  32. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2014 Feb;20(1):65-72 - PubMed
  33. FASEB J. 2003 Jun;17(9):1162-4 - PubMed
  34. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 10;25(29):4622-7 - PubMed
  35. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 May;58(5):815-8 - PubMed
  36. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Feb;50(2):254-8 - PubMed
  37. Oncogene. 2008 Nov 20;27(51):6550-60 - PubMed
  38. Curr Drug Targets. 2011 Apr;12(4):563-78 - PubMed
  39. Front Oncol. 2014 Mar 31;4:63 - PubMed
  40. J Transl Med. 2011 May 16;9:64 - PubMed
  41. J Pathol. 2008 Dec;216(4):428-39 - PubMed
  42. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Nov;8(11):3584-91 - PubMed
  43. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2012 Apr;42(4):80-103 - PubMed
  44. Clin Cancer Res. 1998 May;4(5):1079-86 - PubMed
  45. Neoplasia. 2009 May;11(5):426-35 - PubMed
  46. Neurology. 2013 Feb 5;80(6):574-80 - PubMed
  47. Paediatr Drugs. 2007;9(2):81-96 - PubMed
  48. Br J Haematol. 2012 May;157(4):507-10 - PubMed
  49. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jan 20;30(3):308-15 - PubMed
  50. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014 Jun;16:15-23 - PubMed
  51. Pediatr Res. 2012 Aug;72(2):112-21 - PubMed
  52. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009 May;6(5):259-65 - PubMed
  53. Cancer Res. 2009 Jul 15;69(14):5987-95 - PubMed
  54. Front Oncol. 2013 Feb 04;3:9 - PubMed
  55. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 15;15(2):701-7 - PubMed
  56. Eur J Cancer. 2013 Nov;49(16):3462-70 - PubMed
  57. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Mar 20;23(9):2020-7 - PubMed
  58. Int J Oncol. 2010 Apr;36(4):823-31 - PubMed
  59. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Mar;13(3):298-306 - PubMed
  60. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;68(2):325-35 - PubMed
  61. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 May 15;17(10):3233-47 - PubMed
  62. Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jul;12(7):621-30 - PubMed
  63. Pol J Pathol. 2010;61(4):192-8 - PubMed
  64. Oncogene. 2010 Dec 2;29(48):6367-77 - PubMed
  65. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Nov 1;18(21):6058-64 - PubMed
  66. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 Jul 7;91(13):1138-46 - PubMed
  67. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Mar;8(3):543-51 - PubMed
  68. Haematologica. 2012 Jul;97(7):1042-7 - PubMed
  69. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):10024-8 - PubMed
  70. Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 1;68(23 ):9735-45 - PubMed
  71. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 1;25(4):362-9 - PubMed
  72. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 15;22(16):3357-65 - PubMed
  73. Cancer. 2008 May 1;112(9):1983-91 - PubMed
  74. Nucl Med Biol. 2012 Jan;39(1):3-13 - PubMed
  75. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Feb;52(2):177-81 - PubMed
  76. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23 ):13164-9 - PubMed
  77. Semin Cancer Biol. 2011 Oct;21(4):256-66 - PubMed
  78. Oncotarget. 2013 Mar;4(3):433-45 - PubMed
  79. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug 20;28(24):3808-15 - PubMed
  80. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Nov 15;13(22 Pt 1):6712-8 - PubMed
  81. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 Jun;54(6):526-34 - PubMed
  82. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):4118-30 - PubMed
  83. Cancer. 2010 Jan 1;116(1):98-105 - PubMed
  84. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Oct;55(4):668-77 - PubMed
  85. Nat Biotechnol. 2012 Jul 10;30(7):679-92 - PubMed
  86. Blood. 2005 Aug 15;106(4):1183-8 - PubMed
  87. J Control Release. 2013 Sep 28;170(3):445-51 - PubMed
  88. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Nov 1;17(21):6858-66 - PubMed
  89. Oncogene. 2003 Dec 18;22(58):9231-42 - PubMed
  90. Int J Cancer. 2012 Sep 1;131(5):E791-803 - PubMed
  91. Dermatology. 1997;194(3):208-12 - PubMed
  92. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e55072 - PubMed
  93. Neuro Oncol. 2012 Feb;14(2):175-83 - PubMed
  94. Semin Oncol. 2005 Dec;32(6 Suppl 9):S40-2 - PubMed
  95. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Jul 15;84(2):163-71 - PubMed
  96. Curr Oncol Rep. 2008 Nov;10(6):477-90 - PubMed
  97. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jan 20;30(3):256-62 - PubMed
  98. J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 10;26(14 ):2390-3295 - PubMed
  99. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 18;110(25):10258-63 - PubMed
  100. Hum Mutat. 2009 Oct;30(10):1369-77 - PubMed
  101. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov 1;28(31):4762-8 - PubMed
  102. Drugs. 2009;69(2):223-40 - PubMed
  103. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Jul;60(7):E42-5 - PubMed
  104. Cancer Res. 1991 Sep 15;51(18):4882-7 - PubMed
  105. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Aug 15;20(16):4200-9 - PubMed
  106. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Apr;13(4):410-6 - PubMed
  107. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Nov 1;18(21):6011-22 - PubMed
  108. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Jul;51(1):34-41 - PubMed
  109. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 20;26(30):4921-7 - PubMed
  110. Cancer Discov. 2011 Jun;1(1):44-53 - PubMed
  111. Oncotarget. 2012 May;3(5):535-45 - PubMed
  112. Anticancer Drugs. 2011 Jul;22(6):531-42 - PubMed
  113. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005 Apr;44(4):338-47 - PubMed
  114. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Mar;50(3):581-7 - PubMed
  115. Cancer Sci. 2009 Dec;100(12):2268-74 - PubMed
  116. Front Oncol. 2013 Jul 08;3:170 - PubMed
  117. Med Oncol. 2009;26(1):67-72 - PubMed
  118. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Jan;115(1):138-45 - PubMed
  119. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Feb;7(2):418-24 - PubMed
  120. Oncologist. 2008 Apr;13(4):467-73 - PubMed
  121. MAbs. 2013 Mar-Apr;5(2):202-7 - PubMed
  122. Curr Oncol Rep. 2009 Nov;11(6):446-53 - PubMed
  123. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):2032-9 - PubMed
  124. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011 Feb;56(2):226-33 - PubMed
  125. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Jul 10;30(20):2545-51 - PubMed
  126. Blood. 2011 Dec 1;118(23):6043-9 - PubMed
  127. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Nov 20;28(33):4877-83 - PubMed
  128. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2002 Sep;39(3):168-74 - PubMed
  129. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 1;13(5):1516-22 - PubMed
  130. Nature. 2011 Aug 03;478(7370):524-8 - PubMed
  131. Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):445-51 - PubMed
  132. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Mar 1;29(7):839-44 - PubMed
  133. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Jan;60(1):71-6 - PubMed
  134. Front Oncol. 2012 Nov 16;2:162 - PubMed
  135. Cancer Res. 2002 Nov 1;62(21):6108-15 - PubMed
  136. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 18;368(16):1509-18 - PubMed
  137. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 Feb;61(2):369-72 - PubMed
  138. Drugs. 2011 Mar 5;71(4):443-54 - PubMed
  139. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Jul 1;54(7):921-6 - PubMed
  140. Pediatr Neurol. 2012 Apr;46(4):203-11 - PubMed
  141. Transl Oncol. 2010 Oct 01;3(5):326-35 - PubMed
  142. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Nov 20;94(22):1673-9 - PubMed
  143. Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 1;73(7):2139-49 - PubMed
  144. Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 15;69(18):7338-46 - PubMed
  145. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Mar;13(3):290-7 - PubMed
  146. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Dec;53(6):1029-34 - PubMed
  147. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17;361(12 ):1173-8 - PubMed
  148. Cancer Lett. 2003 Jul 18;197(1-2):185-92 - PubMed
  149. Mol Cancer Res. 2008 Dec;6(12):1937-45 - PubMed
  150. Cancer. 2011 Dec 1;117(23):5412-22 - PubMed
  151. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Aug;51(2):222-7 - PubMed
  152. Leuk Res. 2009 Oct;33(10):1386-91 - PubMed
  153. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Jul 15;59(1):185-8 - PubMed
  154. J Cell Physiol. 2000 Mar;182(3):311-22 - PubMed
  155. Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 15;67(8):3871-7 - PubMed
  156. Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2261-71 - PubMed
  157. Leukemia. 2009 Dec;23 (12 ):2259-64 - PubMed
  158. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Mar;60(3):390-5 - PubMed
  159. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Jun;60(6):985-93 - PubMed
  160. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(4):252-9 - PubMed
  161. Cancer Cell. 2004 Sep;6(3):229-40 - PubMed
  162. Childs Nerv Syst. 2013 Apr;29(4):589-96 - PubMed
  163. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Sep;66(4):635-41 - PubMed
  164. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2012 Mar;16 Suppl 1:S7-16 - PubMed
  165. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Aug;24(16):7275-83 - PubMed
  166. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Jan;11(1):57-65 - PubMed
  167. J Neurooncol. 2012 Feb;106(3):643-9 - PubMed
  168. Oncotarget. 2011 Dec;2(12 ):984-96 - PubMed
  169. Invest New Drugs. 2012 Aug;30(4):1660-70 - PubMed
  170. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 15;13(6):1789-93 - PubMed
  171. Ann Pharmacother. 2013 Feb;47(2):210-8 - PubMed
  172. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 1;25(4):356-61 - PubMed
  173. Eur J Cancer. 2012 Jan;48(2):253-62 - PubMed
  174. Sci Transl Med. 2012 May 9;4(133):133ra57 - PubMed
  175. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 May 15;18(10):2780-90 - PubMed
  176. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Jul;58(1):13-23 - PubMed
  177. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2013 May;13(4):411-22 - PubMed
  178. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 1;16(19):4809-21 - PubMed
  179. Interv Neuroradiol. 2011 Dec;17(4):459-65 - PubMed
  180. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2009 Aug;193(1):1-8 - PubMed
  181. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2009 Sep;9(6):729-37 - PubMed
  182. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Sep;51(3):349-55 - PubMed
  183. Semin Cancer Biol. 2011 Oct;21(4):267-75 - PubMed
  184. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Sep;60(9):1452-7 - PubMed
  185. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;55(7):1329-37 - PubMed
  186. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Apr;50(4):739-45 - PubMed
  187. Int J Cancer. 2005 Jan 10;113(2):179-88 - PubMed
  188. Brain Pathol. 2013 May;23(3):244-53 - PubMed
  189. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Jun;58(6):885-90 - PubMed
  190. Cancer. 2010 Jul 1;116(13):3233-43 - PubMed
  191. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Mar 22;12(4):278-87 - PubMed
  192. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Oct;68(4):1057-65 - PubMed
  193. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;60(3):161-6 - PubMed
  194. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012 Nov;18(11):1656-63 - PubMed
  195. Exp Cell Res. 1993 Sep;208(1):209-17 - PubMed
  196. Neuro Oncol. 2012 Nov;14 (11):1404-12 - PubMed
  197. Cancer Res. 2006 May 1;66(9):4750-7 - PubMed
  198. J Dent Res. 2012 Apr;91(4):341-50 - PubMed
  199. Int J Cancer. 2012 Jul 15;131(2):E33-44 - PubMed
  200. Am J Pathol. 2003 Oct;163(4):1449-56 - PubMed
  201. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007 Jul;9(7):415-9 - PubMed
  202. Sarcoma. 2011;2011:130484 - PubMed
  203. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 1;20(5):1375-82 - PubMed
  204. Int J Cancer. 2013 Jul 15;133(2):427-36 - PubMed
  205. Oncogene. 2007 Aug 13;26(37):5521-7 - PubMed
  206. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012 Jul;12(7):871-84 - PubMed
  207. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Sep;466(9):2168-75 - PubMed
  208. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 4;108(40):16669-74 - PubMed
  209. Lancet Oncol. 2013 May;14(6):472-80 - PubMed
  210. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 15;70(8):1125-36 - PubMed
  211. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Sep;53(3):505-8 - PubMed
  212. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 Aug;61(8):1493-6 - PubMed
  213. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 1;17(3):589-97 - PubMed
  214. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Sep;59(3):518-24 - PubMed
  215. Neuro Oncol. 2007 Apr;9(2):161-8 - PubMed
  216. BMC Cancer. 2012 Mar 05;12:80 - PubMed
  217. Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Sep;44(3):202-9 - PubMed
  218. Leuk Res. 2010 Oct;34(10):1302-7 - PubMed
  219. Br J Cancer. 2010 Nov 9;103(10 ):1588-96 - PubMed
  220. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Jun;50(6):1190-7 - PubMed
  221. Eur J Cancer. 2006 Mar;42(5):646-9 - PubMed
  222. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jan 10;29(2):208-13 - PubMed
  223. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Dec;53(6):978-83 - PubMed
  224. Target Oncol. 2012 Sep;7(3):199-210 - PubMed
  225. Neuro Oncol. 2010 Sep;12 (9):985-90 - PubMed
  226. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Sep 20;28(27):4221-7 - PubMed
  227. Cancer Res. 2005 May 1;65(9):3868-76 - PubMed
  228. Am J Pathol. 2002 Nov;161(5):1587-95 - PubMed
  229. Cancer Res. 1994 Nov 1;54(21):5531-4 - PubMed
  230. J Med Chem. 2011 Jan 13;54(1):262-76 - PubMed
  231. Cancer. 2010 May 15;116(10 ):2465-75 - PubMed
  232. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 20;25(12):1512-8 - PubMed
  233. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Apr;50(4):799-805 - PubMed
  234. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2013 Apr;30(3):170-7 - PubMed
  235. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;13(4):1253-9 - PubMed
  236. Oncol Rep. 2012 Nov;28(5):1903-9 - PubMed
  237. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 30;363(14):1324-34 - PubMed
  238. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Feb 8;431(2):274-9 - PubMed
  239. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Nov 20;24(33):5271-6 - PubMed
  240. Cancer Cell Int. 2008 Jan 04;8:1 - PubMed
  241. Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 15;71(4):1385-95 - PubMed
  242. Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Apr 15;18(8):1464-70 - PubMed
  243. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5800-7 - PubMed
  244. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 15;19(8):2117-31 - PubMed
  245. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jul 20;29(21):2933-40 - PubMed
  246. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2013 Jun;18(2):155-71 - PubMed
  247. J Orthop Res. 2006 Mar;24(3):474-80 - PubMed
  248. Cancer Res. 2011 Oct 15;71(20):6300-9 - PubMed
  249. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Feb 22;108(8):3336-41 - PubMed
  250. Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:801-6 - PubMed
  251. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Sep 1;17(17):5656-67 - PubMed
  252. Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1546-58 - PubMed
  253. J Neurooncol. 2012 Dec;110(3):335-48 - PubMed
  254. Immunotherapy. 2011 Mar;3(3):349-70 - PubMed
  255. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Aug 7;206(2):237-45 - PubMed
  256. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012 Sep;70(3):477-86 - PubMed
  257. Int J Cancer. 2011 Dec 15;129(12 ):2958-65 - PubMed
  258. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 May;87(5):543-52 - PubMed
  259. Cancer Res. 2010 Mar 15;70(6):2548-57 - PubMed
  260. BMC Cancer. 2012 Mar 21;12:101 - PubMed
  261. Blood. 2012 Jul 12;120(2):285-90 - PubMed
  262. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10 ):997-1003 - PubMed
  263. Apoptosis. 2004 Sep;9(5):583-9 - PubMed
  264. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Sep;59(3):586-8 - PubMed
  265. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012 Sep;8(3):223-31 - PubMed
  266. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Jan;50(1):37-45 - PubMed
  267. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Oct;10(10):1846-56 - PubMed
  268. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011 Jan;56(1):164-7 - PubMed
  269. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug 1;28(22):3623-9 - PubMed
  270. Cancer. 2013 Feb 1;119(3):665-71 - PubMed
  271. Neuro Oncol. 2002 Apr;4(2):102-8 - PubMed
  272. Cancer Discov. 2013 Mar;3(3):308-23 - PubMed
  273. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Jul 15;17 (14 ):4682-92 - PubMed
  274. Int J Cancer. 2013 Jun 1;132(11):2682-93 - PubMed
  275. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013 Jul;54(7):1505-16 - PubMed
  276. Pediatr Res. 2005 Mar;57(3):430-7 - PubMed
  277. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2007 Sep;133(9):653-61 - PubMed
  278. Eur J Cancer. 2010 Nov;46(16):2943-9 - PubMed
  279. Cancer. 2008 May 15;112(10 ):2119-29 - PubMed
  280. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009 Jul;52(7):791-5 - PubMed
  281. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Jun;60(6):1001-8 - PubMed
  282. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;70(6):811-22 - PubMed
  283. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008 Jul;20(4):412-8 - PubMed
  284. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2006 Aug;6(8):1187-204 - PubMed
  285. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Aug;55(2):254-9 - PubMed
  286. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 Jun;11(6):707-18 - PubMed
  287. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2005 Sep-Oct;8(5):525-32 - PubMed
  288. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Aug 1;17 (15):5113-22 - PubMed
  289. Cancer. 2011 Mar 15;117(6):1321-91 - PubMed
  290. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 1;17(3):611-9 - PubMed
  291. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 20;24(3):507-16 - PubMed
  292. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Jan;54(1):55-61 - PubMed
  293. Cancer. 2011 May 15;117(10 Suppl):2268-74 - PubMed
  294. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Feb;9(2):410-8 - PubMed
  295. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Apr;54(4):591-5 - PubMed
  296. Leuk Res. 2011 Sep;35(9):1273-5 - PubMed
  297. Leukemia. 2011 Jan;25(1):181-4 - PubMed
  298. Neuro Oncol. 2011 Jan;13(1):109-18 - PubMed
  299. Front Oncol. 2014 Apr 21;4:82 - PubMed
  300. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011 Nov;68(5):1291-304 - PubMed
  301. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Apr;58(4):566-71 - PubMed
  302. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 20;27(30):5102-8 - PubMed
  303. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012 Oct;59(4):642-7 - PubMed
  304. Neuro Oncol. 2009 Jun;11(3):250-9 - PubMed
  305. Mol Oncol. 2013 Jun;7(3):497-512 - PubMed
  306. Anticancer Res. 2010 Feb;30(2):547-52 - PubMed
  307. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 1;28(19):3115-21 - PubMed
  308. Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):930-5 - PubMed
  309. Nat Med. 2002 Nov;8(11):1276-80 - PubMed
  310. Sarcoma. 2012;2012:627254 - PubMed
  311. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2011;5:471-85 - PubMed
  312. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 May 15;18(10):2754-67 - PubMed
  313. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2012 May-Jun;49(3):85-115 - PubMed
  314. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2013 Jul;35(5):356-60 - PubMed
  315. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2007 Feb;29(2):101-6 - PubMed
  316. Cancer Res. 2006 May 1;66(9):4742-9 - PubMed
  317. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Jun 1;19(11):3050-8 - PubMed
  318. Front Mol Neurosci. 2011 Dec 02;4:51 - PubMed
  319. Int J Cancer. 2009 Dec 1;125(11):2547-55 - PubMed
  320. Oncogene. 2007 Mar 22;26(13):1932-40 - PubMed

Publication Types