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Chen YZ, Huang ZG, Zhang HF, et al. Extreme events in multilayer, interdependent complex networks and control. Sci Rep. 2015;5:17277doi: 10.1038/srep17277.
Chen, Y. Z., Huang, Z. G., Zhang, H. F., Eisenberg, D., Seager, T. P., & Lai, Y. C. (2015). Extreme events in multilayer, interdependent complex networks and control. Scientific reports, 517277. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17277
Chen, Yu-Zhong, et al. "Extreme events in multilayer, interdependent complex networks and control." Scientific reports vol. 5 (2015): 17277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17277
Chen YZ, Huang ZG, Zhang HF, Eisenberg D, Seager TP, Lai YC. Extreme events in multilayer, interdependent complex networks and control. Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 27;5:17277. doi: 10.1038/srep17277. PMID: 26612009; PMCID: PMC4661526.
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Sci Rep. 2015 Nov 27;5:17277. doi: 10.1038/srep17277.

Extreme events in multilayer, interdependent complex networks and control.

Scientific reports

Yu-Zhong Chen, Zi-Gang Huang, Hai-Feng Zhang, Daniel Eisenberg, Thomas P Seager, Ying-Cheng Lai

Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
  2. Institute of Computational Physics and Complex Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730000, China.
  3. School of Mathematical Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China.
  4. School of Sustainable Engineering and Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
  5. Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.

PMID: 26612009 PMCID: PMC4661526 DOI: 10.1038/srep17277

Abstract

We investigate the emergence of extreme events in interdependent networks. We introduce an inter-layer traffic resource competing mechanism to account for the limited capacity associated with distinct network layers. A striking finding is that, when the number of network layers and/or the overlap among the layers are increased, extreme events can emerge in a cascading manner on a global scale. Asymptotically, there are two stable absorption states: a state free of extreme events and a state of full of extreme events, and the transition between them is abrupt. Our results indicate that internal interactions in the multiplex system can yield qualitatively distinct phenomena associated with extreme events that do not occur for independent network layers. An implication is that, e.g., public resource competitions among different service providers can lead to a higher resource requirement than naively expected. We derive an analytical theory to understand the emergence of global-scale extreme events based on the concept of effective betweenness. We also articulate a cost-effective control scheme through increasing the capacity of very few hubs to suppress the cascading process of extreme events so as to protect the entire multi-layer infrastructure against global-scale breakdown.

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