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Tee LW, Najiah M. Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia. Open Vet J. 2011;1(1):39-45
Tee, L. W., & Najiah, M. (2011). Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia. Open veterinary journal, 1(1), 39-45.
Tee, L W, and Najiah, M. "Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia." Open veterinary journal vol. 1,1 (2011): 39-45.
Tee LW, Najiah M. Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia. Open Vet J. 2011;1(1):39-45. Epub 2011 Oct 24. PMID: 26623279; PMCID: PMC4655761.
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Open Vet J. 2011;1(1):39-45. Epub 2011 Oct 24.

Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia.

Open veterinary journal

L W Tee, M Najiah

Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Terengganu, Malaysia.

PMID: 26623279 PMCID: PMC4655761

Abstract

Bacterial isolates from 30 farmed bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) weighing 500-600 g at Johore, Malaysia with external clinical signs of ulcer, red leg and torticollis were tested for their antibiograms and heavy metal tolerance patterns. A total of 17 bacterial species with 77 strains were successfully isolated and assigned to 21 antibiotics and 4 types of heavy metal (Hg(2+), Cr(6+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+)). Results revealed that bacteria were resistant against lincomycin (92%), oleandomycin (72.7%) and furazolidone (71.4%) while being susceptible to chloramphenicol and florfenicol at 97.4%. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for C. freundii, E. coli and M. morganii was high with the value up to 0.71. Bacterial strains were found to exhibit 100 % resistance to chromium and mercury. High correlation of resistance against both antibiotics and heavy metals was found (71.4 to 100%) between bullfrog bacteria isolates, except bacteria that were resistant to kanamycin showed only 25% resistance against Cu(2+). Based on the results in this study, bacterial pathogens of bullfrog culture in Johore, Malaysia, were highly resistant to both antibiotics and heavy metals.

Keywords: Antibiotics; Bacteria; Bullfrog; Heavy metal

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