Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2015 Dec;28(4):215-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1564434.
Clinics in colon and rectal surgery
Jason F Hall
PMID: 26664328 PMCID: PMC4654623 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564434
Most polyps that originate in the colon and rectum are benign. A small subset of polyps will contain a malignancy. Although most malignant adenomas are managed with colonic resection a number can be approached with endoscopic, minimally invasive, and observational techniques. This article reviews the histologic characteristics and adverse risk factors that would portend a poor oncologic outcome and therefore suggest formal colonic resection. Modern endoscopic techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal resection are discussed.
Keywords: Haggitt criteria; adenoma; endoscopic mucosal resection; endoscopic submucosal resection; malignancy; polypectomy