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Abramoff BA, Lange HL, Matson SC, et al. Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults. J Addict. 2015;2015:879794doi: 10.1155/2015/879794.
Abramoff, B. A., Lange, H. L., Matson, S. C., Cottrill, C. B., Bridge, J. A., Abdel-Rasoul, M., & Bonny, A. E. (2015). Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults. Journal of addiction, 2015879794. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/879794
Abramoff, Benjamin A, et al. "Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults." Journal of addiction vol. 2015 (2015): 879794. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/879794
Abramoff BA, Lange HL, Matson SC, Cottrill CB, Bridge JA, Abdel-Rasoul M, Bonny AE. Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults. J Addict. 2015;2015:879794. doi: 10.1155/2015/879794. Epub 2015 Nov 17. PMID: 26664819; PMCID: PMC4664807.
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J Addict. 2015;2015:879794. doi: 10.1155/2015/879794. Epub 2015 Nov 17.

Delayed Ego Strength Development in Opioid Dependent Adolescents and Young Adults.

Journal of addiction

Benjamin A Abramoff, Hannah L H Lange, Steven C Matson, Casey B Cottrill, Jeffrey A Bridge, Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul, Andrea E Bonny

Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
  2. The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
  3. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA ; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
  4. Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
  5. The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA ; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
  6. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
  7. The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA ; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA ; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

PMID: 26664819 PMCID: PMC4664807 DOI: 10.1155/2015/879794

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate ego strengths, in the context of Erikson's framework, among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with opioid dependence as compared to non-drug using youth. Methods. Opioid dependent (n = 51) and non-drug using control (n = 31) youth completed the self-administered Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths (PIES). The PIES assesses development in the framework of Erikson's ego strength stages. Multivariate linear regression modeling assessed the independent association of the primary covariate (opioid dependent versus control) as well as potential confounding variables (e.g., psychiatric comorbidities, intelligence) with total PIES score. Results. Mean total PIES score was significantly lower in opioid dependent youth (231.65 ± 30.39 opioid dependent versus 270.67 ± 30.06 control; p < 0.01). Evaluation of the PIES subscores found significant (p < 0.05) delays in all ego strength areas (hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, care, and wisdom). When adjusting for potential confounders, opioid dependence remained a significant (p < 0.001) independent predictor of total PIES score. Conclusion. Adolescents with opioid dependence demonstrated significant delays in ego strength development. A treatment approach acknowledging this delay may be needed in the counseling and treatment of adolescents with opioid dependence.

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