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Lim H, Yeo E, Song E, et al. Bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase suppresses adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2015;9(6):599-605doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.599.
Lim, H., Yeo, E., Song, E., Chang, Y. H., Han, B. K., Choi, H. J., & Hwang, J. (2015). Bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase suppresses adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutrition research and practice, 9(6), 599-605. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.599
Lim, Heejin, et al. "Bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase suppresses adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells." Nutrition research and practice vol. 9,6 (2015): 599-605. doi: https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.599
Lim H, Yeo E, Song E, Chang YH, Han BK, Choi HJ, Hwang J. Bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase suppresses adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2015 Dec;9(6):599-605. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.599. Epub 2015 Sep 22. PMID: 26634048; PMCID: PMC4667200.
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Nutr Res Pract. 2015 Dec;9(6):599-605. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.599. Epub 2015 Sep 22.

Bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase suppresses adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells.

Nutrition research and practice

Heejin Lim, Eunju Yeo, Eunju Song, Yun-Hee Chang, Bok-Kyung Han, Hyuk-Joon Choi, Jinah Hwang

Affiliations

  1. Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 449-728, Korea.
  2. BK Bio Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi 462-819, Korea.

PMID: 26634048 PMCID: PMC4667200 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.599

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Citrus flavonoids have a variety of physiological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity. We investigated whether bioconversion of Citrus unshiu with cytolase (CU-C) ameliorates the anti-adipogenic effects by modulation of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells.

MATERIALS/METHODS: Glycoside forms of Citrus unshiu (CU) were converted into aglycoside forms with cytolase treatment. Cell viability of CU and CU-C was measured at various concentrations in 3T3L-1 cells. The anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects were examined using Oil red O staining and free glycerol assay, respectively. We performed real time-polymerase chain reaction and western immunoblotting assay to detect mRNA and protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors, respectively.

RESULTS: Treatment with cytolase decreased flavanone rutinoside forms (narirutin and hesperidin) and instead, increased flavanone aglycoside forms (naringenin and hesperetin). During adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with CU or CU-C at a dose of 0.5 mg/ml. Adipocyte differentiation was inhibited in CU-C group, but not in CU group. CU-C markedly suppressed the insulin-induced protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as well as the mRNA levels of CEBPα, PPARγ, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). Both CU and CU-C groups significantly increased the adipolytic activity with the higher release of free glycerol than those of control group in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CU-C is particularly superior in suppression of adipogenesis, whereas CU-C has similar effect to CU on stimulation of lipolysis.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bioconversion of Citrus unshiu peel extracts with cytolase enhances aglycoside flavonoids and improves the anti-adipogenic metabolism via both inhibition of key adipogenic transcription factors and induction of adipolytic activity.

Keywords: 3T3-L1 adipocyte; Adipocyte differentiation; Citrus unshiu; anti-adipogenesis; bioconversion

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