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Johnson D, Lynch R, Marshall C, et al. Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2013;47(9):1047-1057doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.814911.
Johnson, D., Lynch, R., Marshall, C., Mead, K., & Hirst, D. (2013). Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets. Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research, 47(9), 1047-1057. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.814911
Johnson, David, et al. "Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets." Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research vol. 47,9 (2013): 1047-1057. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2013.814911
Johnson D, Lynch R, Marshall C, Mead K, Hirst D. Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2013;47(9):1047-1057. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.814911. PMID: 26635429; PMCID: PMC4666014.
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Aerosol Sci Technol. 2013;47(9):1047-1057. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.814911.

Aerosol Generation by Modern Flush Toilets.

Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research

David Johnson, Robert Lynch, Charles Marshall, Kenneth Mead, Deborah Hirst

Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
  2. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

PMID: 26635429 PMCID: PMC4666014 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2013.814911

Abstract

A microbe-contaminated toilet will produce bioaerosols when flushed. We assessed toilet plume aerosol from high efficiency (HET), pressure-assisted high efficiency (PAT), and flushometer (FOM) toilets with similar bowl water and flush volumes. Total and droplet nuclei "bioaerosols" were assessed. Monodisperse 0.25-1.9-

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