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Su JB. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World J Cardiol. 2015;7(11):719-41doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719.
Su, J. B. (2015). Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World journal of cardiology, 7(11), 719-41. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719
Su, Jin Bo. "Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment." World journal of cardiology vol. 7,11 (2015): 719-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719
Su JB. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World J Cardiol. 2015 Nov 26;7(11):719-41. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719. PMID: 26635921; PMCID: PMC4660468.
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World J Cardiol. 2015 Nov 26;7(11):719-41. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719.

Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment.

World journal of cardiology

Jin Bo Su

Affiliations

  1. Jin Bo Su, INSERM U955, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.

PMID: 26635921 PMCID: PMC4660468 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719

Abstract

The endothelium exerts multiple actions involving regulation of vascular permeability and tone, coagulation and fibrinolysis, inflammatory and immunological reactions and cell growth. Alterations of one or more such actions may cause vascular endothelial dysfunction. Different risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, homocystinemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, and aging contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multiple, including impaired endothelium-derived vasodilators, enhanced endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors, over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, activation of inflammatory and immune reactions, and imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, which involves different mechanisms, depending on specific risk factors affecting the disease. Among these mechanisms, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role in the development of endothelial dysfunction because NO exerts diverse physiological actions, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiproliferation and antimigration. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that a variety of currently used or investigational drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin AT1 receptors blockers, angiotensin-(1-7), antioxidants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, endothelial NO synthase enhancers, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate and statins, exert endothelial protective effects. Due to the difference in mechanisms of action, these drugs need to be used according to specific mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction of the disease.

Keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; Endothelium-dependent vasodilation; Inflammation; Nitric oxide; Pharmacological treatment; Reactive nitrogen species; Reactive oxygen species; Risk factors

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