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Front Plant Sci. 2015 Dec 23;6:1163. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01163. eCollection 2015.

Cell Fate Determination and the Switch from Diffuse Growth to Planar Polarity in Arabidopsis Root Epidermal Cells.

Frontiers in plant science

Daria Balcerowicz, Sébastjen Schoenaers, Kris Vissenberg

Affiliations

  1. Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department Biology, University of Antwerp Antwerpen, Belgium.

PMID: 26779192 PMCID: PMC4688357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01163

Abstract

Plant roots fulfill important functions as they serve in water and nutrient uptake, provide anchorage of the plant body in the soil and in some species form the site of symbiotic interactions with soil-living biota. Root hairs, tubular-shaped outgrowths of specific epidermal cells, significantly increase the root's surface area and aid in these processes. In this review we focus on the molecular mechanisms that determine the hair and non-hair cell fate of epidermal cells and that define the site on the epidermal cell where the root hair will be initiated (=planar polarity determination). In the model plant Arabidopsis, trichoblast and atrichoblast cell fate results from intra- and intercellular position-dependent signaling and from complex feedback loops that ultimately regulate GL2 expressing and non-expressing cells. When epidermal cells reach the end of the root expansion zone, root hair promoting transcription factors dictate the establishment of polarity within epidermal cells followed by the selection of the root hair initiation site at the more basal part of the trichoblast. Molecular players in the abovementioned processes as well as the role of phytohormones are discussed, and open areas for future experiments are identified.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; auxin; cell fate determination; initiation; planar polarity; root differentiation; root hair development

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