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J Synchrotron Radiat. 2016 Mar;23(2):385-94. doi: 10.1107/S1600577515023541. Epub 2016 Feb 10.

Towards hybrid pixel detectors for energy-dispersive or soft X-ray photon science.

Journal of synchrotron radiation

J H Jungmann-Smith, A Bergamaschi, M Brückner, S Cartier, R Dinapoli, D Greiffenberg, T Huthwelker, D Maliakal, D Mayilyan, K Medjoubi, D Mezza, A Mozzanica, M Ramilli, Ch Ruder, L Schädler, B Schmitt, X Shi, G Tinti

Affiliations

  1. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
  2. Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, 91192 GIF-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.

PMID: 26917124 PMCID: PMC5297903 DOI: 10.1107/S1600577515023541

Abstract

JUNGFRAU (adJUstiNg Gain detector FoR the Aramis User station) is a two-dimensional hybrid pixel detector for photon science applications at free-electron lasers and synchrotron light sources. The JUNGFRAU 0.4 prototype presented here is specifically geared towards low-noise performance and hence soft X-ray detection. The design, geometry and readout architecture of JUNGFRAU 0.4 correspond to those of other JUNGFRAU pixel detectors, which are charge-integrating detectors with 75 µm × 75 µm pixels. Main characteristics of JUNGFRAU 0.4 are its fixed gain and r.m.s. noise of as low as 27 e(-) electronic noise charge (<100 eV) with no active cooling. The 48 × 48 pixels JUNGFRAU 0.4 prototype can be combined with a charge-sharing suppression mask directly placed on the sensor, which keeps photons from hitting the charge-sharing regions of the pixels. The mask consists of a 150 µm tungsten sheet, in which 28 µm-diameter holes are laser-drilled. The mask is aligned with the pixels. The noise and gain characterization, and single-photon detection as low as 1.2 keV are shown. The performance of JUNGFRAU 0.4 without the mask and also in the charge-sharing suppression configuration (with the mask, with a `software mask' or a `cluster finding' algorithm) is tested, compared and evaluated, in particular with respect to the removal of the charge-sharing contribution in the spectra, the detection efficiency and the photon rate capability. Energy-dispersive and imaging experiments with fluorescence X-ray irradiation from an X-ray tube and a synchrotron light source are successfully demonstrated with an r.m.s. energy resolution of 20% (no mask) and 14% (with the mask) at 1.2 keV and of 5% at 13.3 keV. The performance evaluation of the JUNGFRAU 0.4 prototype suggests that this detection system could be the starting point for a future detector development effort for either applications in the soft X-ray energy regime or for an energy-dispersive detection system.

Keywords: energy-dispersive detectors; hybrid detectors; instrumentation for FELs; instrumentation for synchrotrons; soft X-rays

References

  1. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2013 Mar;20(Pt 2):293-9 - PubMed
  2. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2015 Jul;22(4):1118-29 - PubMed

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