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Blackadar CB. Historical review of the causes of cancer. World J Clin Oncol. 2016;7(1):54-86doi: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54.
Blackadar, C. B. (2016). Historical review of the causes of cancer. World journal of clinical oncology, 7(1), 54-86. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54
Blackadar, Clarke Brian. "Historical review of the causes of cancer." World journal of clinical oncology vol. 7,1 (2016): 54-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54
Blackadar CB. Historical review of the causes of cancer. World J Clin Oncol. 2016 Feb 10;7(1):54-86. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54. PMID: 26862491; PMCID: PMC4734938.
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World J Clin Oncol. 2016 Feb 10;7(1):54-86. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54.

Historical review of the causes of cancer.

World journal of clinical oncology

Clarke Brian Blackadar

Affiliations

  1. Clarke Brian Blackadar, Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.

PMID: 26862491 PMCID: PMC4734938 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54

Abstract

In the early 1900s, numerous seminal publications reported that high rates of cancer occurred in certain occupations. During this period, work with infectious agents produced only meager results which seemed irrelevant to humans. Then in the 1980s ground breaking evidence began to emerge that a variety of viruses also cause cancer in humans. There is now sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus 8 according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Many other causes of cancer have also been identified by the IARC, which include: Sunlight, tobacco, pharmaceuticals, hormones, alcohol, parasites, fungi, bacteria, salted fish, wood dust, and herbs. The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have determined additional causes of cancer, which include beta carotene, red meat, processed meats, low fibre diets, not breast feeding, obesity, increased adult height and sedentary lifestyles. In brief, a historical review of the discoveries of the causes of human cancer is presented with extended discussions of the difficulties encountered in identifying viral causes of cancer.

Keywords: Cancer; Carcinogens; Causes; Etiology; Historical; Infections; International agency for research on cancer

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