Display options
Cite
Middha SK, Goyal AK, Lokesh P, et al. Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015;11:S427-33doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.168982.
Middha, S. K., Goyal, A. K., Lokesh, P., Yardi, V., Mojamdar, L., Keni, D. S., Babu, D., & Usha, T. (2015). Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties. Pharmacognosy magazine, 11S427-33. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.168982
Middha, Sushil Kumar, et al. "Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties." Pharmacognosy magazine vol. 11 (2015): S427-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.168982
Middha SK, Goyal AK, Lokesh P, Yardi V, Mojamdar L, Keni DS, Babu D, Usha T. Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015 Oct;11:S427-33. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.168982. PMID: 26929577; PMCID: PMC4745213.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Pharmacogn Mag. 2015 Oct;11:S427-33. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.168982.

Toxicological Evaluation of Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and its Anti-inflammatory and Free Radical Scavenging Properties.

Pharmacognosy magazine

Sushil Kumar Middha, Arvind Kumar Goyal, Prakash Lokesh, Varsha Yardi, Lavanya Mojamdar, Deepthi Sudhir Keni, Dinesh Babu, Talambedu Usha

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
  2. Department of Biotechnology, Bamboo Technology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, BTAD, Assam, India.
  3. Department of Biochemistry, CPGS, Jain College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
  4. Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Malleswarm, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
  5. Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
  6. Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Belgium.

PMID: 26929577 PMCID: PMC4745213 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168982

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as Indian gooseberry or "Amla" in India, is used in Ayurveda as "rejuvenating herb" since ancient times.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to estimate toxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities of the methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit (MEO) in an animal model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antioxidative property of MEO was assessed by in vitro assays such as phosphomolybdenum assay (total antioxidant capacity), free radical scavenging assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis and 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (DPPH and ABTS method) and lipid peroxidation assay (LPO). The anti-inflammatory property was evaluated by carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats by measuring rat paw volume at different time intervals and toxicological analysis using mice.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: High performance liquid chromatography studies revealed the presence of gallic acid (2.10%), mucic acid (4.90%), ellagic acid (2.10%), quercetin (28.00%), rutin (3.89%), and β-glucogallin (1.46%). MEO showed highest antioxidant activities by using DPPH (17.33-89.00%), ABTS (23.03-94.16%), nitric oxide scavenging activity (12.94-70.16%), LPO (56.54%), and phosphomolybdenum assay (142 ± 6.09 μg/ml). The LD50 was found to be approximately 1125 mg/kg (p.o). High dose of MEO showed significant reduction (72.71%) in the inflammation after 4 h of treatment, which was comparable to diclofenac (10 mg/kg) (61.57%) treated group. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) markers were also observed (57.25% and 35.41%, respectively) in serum of MEO treated animals as compared to control.

CONCLUSION: Taken together, phenolic compounds of MEO may serve as a potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation due to their modulatory action on free radicals.

SUMMARY: The methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit (MEO) has potent antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH, ABTS and LPO assaysMEO has potent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema modelThe phenolic compounds of MEO might be a potential herbal drug for amelioration of acute inflammation. Abbreviations used: ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species, LPO, lipid peroxidation, NO, nitric oxide, IL, interleukin; TNF α tumor necrosis factor alpha; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs; AA, ascorbic acid; MEO, methanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit; ABTS+; 2,2' azino bis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulphonic acid; DPPH, 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; MDA, malondialdehyde; DMSO, dimethyl sulphoxide; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Keywords: 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; Emblica officinalis; acute inflammation; amla; antioxidant; high performance liquid chromatography

References

  1. Anal Biochem. 1999 May 1;269(2):337-41 - PubMed
  2. Biomed Pharmacother. 2002 Jul;56(5):215-22 - PubMed
  3. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962 Dec;111:544-7 - PubMed
  4. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;1(2):135-56 - PubMed
  5. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Feb;35(2):584-92 - PubMed
  6. Clin Med Res. 2007 Mar;5(1):19-34 - PubMed
  7. J Sep Sci. 2007 Jun;30(9):1250-4 - PubMed
  8. Bioinformation. 2009 Aug 26;4(2):78-9 - PubMed
  9. Inflammopharmacology. 2011 Dec;19(6):327-34 - PubMed
  10. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Apr;15(4):427-35 - PubMed
  11. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2010 Oct;25(4):419-24 - PubMed
  12. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2012;2012:862625 - PubMed
  13. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2012;2012:245431 - PubMed
  14. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45227 - PubMed
  15. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:734824 - PubMed
  16. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011 Oct 02;9(1):138-52 - PubMed
  17. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2013;2013:296236 - PubMed
  18. J Biosci. 2013 Nov;38(4):797-803 - PubMed
  19. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013 Dec 29;2013:162750 - PubMed
  20. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2013 Spring;3(2):112-25 - PubMed
  21. Int J Inflam. 2014;2014:178408 - PubMed
  22. Antioxidants (Basel). 2014 Dec 03;3(4):830-42 - PubMed
  23. Foods. 2013 Mar 13;2(1):90-99 - PubMed
  24. Anal Biochem. 1979 Jun;95(2):351-8 - PubMed
  25. Planta Med. 1994 Oct;60(5):395-9 - PubMed
  26. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993 Apr;84(4):407-12 - PubMed

Publication Types