Display options
Share it on

Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 24;7:183. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00183. eCollection 2016.

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway: Role in Immune Evasion by Trypanosomatids.

Frontiers in microbiology

Mercedes Soares-Silva, Flavia F Diniz, Gabriela N Gomes, Diana Bahia

Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Minas Gerais, Brazil.
  2. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.

PMID: 26941717 PMCID: PMC4764696 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00183

Abstract

Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi are the causative agents of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively, two neglected tropical diseases that affect about 25 million people worldwide. These parasites belong to the family Trypanosomatidae, and are both obligate intracellular parasites that manipulate host signaling pathways and the innate immune system to establish infection. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine and threonine protein kinases that are highly conserved in eukaryotes, and are involved in signal transduction pathways that modulate physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. This mini-review highlights existing knowledge concerning the mechanisms that Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi have evolved to target the host's MAPK signaling pathways and highjack the immune response, and, in this manner, promote parasite maintenance in the host.

Keywords: Leishmania; MAP kinase; Trypanosoma cruzi; cellular signaling; immune evasion of parasites

References

  1. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:109189 - PubMed
  2. Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1911-2 - PubMed
  3. Nat Immunol. 2002 Nov;3(11):1041-7 - PubMed
  4. J Immunol. 2002 Jun 15;168(12):6366-74 - PubMed
  5. J Immunol. 2011 May 15;186(10):5863-72 - PubMed
  6. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 06;10(2):e0117247 - PubMed
  7. Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Aug;19(4):430-4 - PubMed
  8. Exp Parasitol. 2013 Jan;133(1):12-7 - PubMed
  9. Oncogene. 2007 May 14;26(22):3240-53 - PubMed
  10. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Apr;81(4):860-9 - PubMed
  11. J Immunol. 2001 Mar 1;166(5):3423-31 - PubMed
  12. J Immunol. 2014 Oct 1;193(7):3644-53 - PubMed
  13. Infect Immun. 2004 Sep;72(9):5274-82 - PubMed
  14. Immunol Res. 2009 Dec;45(2-3):173-84 - PubMed
  15. J Immunol. 1997 Nov 15;159(10):4983-9 - PubMed
  16. Infect Immun. 2008 Jun;76(6):2633-41 - PubMed
  17. Am J Pathol. 2009 May;174(5):1818-26 - PubMed
  18. J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 13;284(11):6893-908 - PubMed
  19. Nat Immunol. 2007 Nov;8(11):1179-87 - PubMed
  20. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Aug;1773(8):1213-26 - PubMed
  21. Physiol Rev. 2012 Apr;92(2):689-737 - PubMed
  22. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Aug;1773(8):1299-310 - PubMed
  23. Oncogene. 2007 May 14;26(22):3203-13 - PubMed
  24. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2010 Dec;21(4):319-28 - PubMed
  25. Microbes Infect. 2014 Apr;16(4):328-36 - PubMed
  26. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24141 - PubMed
  27. Infect Immun. 2003 Mar;71(3):1194-9 - PubMed
  28. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Aug 12;6(8):e1001045 - PubMed
  29. Mol Cell. 2004 Feb 13;13(3):341-55 - PubMed
  30. Mol Immunol. 2008 Jul;45(12):3371-82 - PubMed
  31. Front Immunol. 2012 Nov 30;3:363 - PubMed
  32. Front Oncol. 2014 Jun 24;4:160 - PubMed
  33. Immunol Lett. 2002 May 1;81(3):159-64 - PubMed
  34. Crit Rev Immunol. 2003;23(1-2):83-107 - PubMed
  35. J Immunol. 2012 Jul 15;189(2):721-31 - PubMed
  36. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2005 Mar-Apr;53(2):102-14 - PubMed
  37. J Immunol. 2009 Jan 15;182(2):1107-18 - PubMed
  38. Int J Parasitol. 2011 Apr;41(5):553-62 - PubMed
  39. Immunol Lett. 1995 Dec;48(3):221-4 - PubMed
  40. Clin Exp Immunol. 2008 Nov;154(2):224-34 - PubMed
  41. Physiol Rev. 2001 Apr;81(2):807-69 - PubMed
  42. Biochem J. 2000 Oct 15;351 Pt 2:289-305 - PubMed
  43. Nat Immunol. 2009 Mar;10(3):273-80 - PubMed
  44. Cell Cycle. 2007 Nov 1;6(21):2628-32 - PubMed
  45. Exp Parasitol. 2008 Sep;120(1):1-9 - PubMed
  46. Oncogene. 2007 May 14;26(22):3100-12 - PubMed
  47. Cell Microbiol. 2015 Dec;17(12):1797-810 - PubMed
  48. Infect Immun. 2015 May;83(5):2099-108 - PubMed
  49. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992 Oct;5(4):400-19 - PubMed
  50. Immunobiology. 2008;213(3-4):377-87 - PubMed
  51. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005 Apr;18(2):293-305 - PubMed
  52. J Reprod Immunol. 2002 Oct-Nov;57(1-2):255-72 - PubMed
  53. Trends Parasitol. 2002 Jun;18(6):272-8 - PubMed
  54. Vaccine. 2010 Oct 28;28(46):7407-13 - PubMed
  55. Immunology. 2003 May;109(1):147-55 - PubMed
  56. Immunol Res. 2014 Aug;59(1-3):153-65 - PubMed
  57. Biochem J. 2010 Aug 1;429(3):403-17 - PubMed
  58. Cancer Sci. 2009 Oct;100(10):1786-93 - PubMed
  59. Curr Opin Immunol. 2001 Aug;13(4):403-9 - PubMed
  60. Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:55-72 - PubMed
  61. ACS Chem Biol. 2011 Jan 21;6(1):18-20 - PubMed
  62. Eur J Immunol. 2004 Jun;34(6):1695-704 - PubMed
  63. Mol Biol Int. 2011;2011:343961 - PubMed
  64. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Aug;1773(8):1358-75 - PubMed
  65. Cell Signal. 2003 Mar;15(3):255-67 - PubMed
  66. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006 Nov;36(11):1357-66 - PubMed
  67. Front Immunol. 2014 Oct 13;5:498 - PubMed
  68. J Cell Sci. 1999 Sep;112 Pt 18:2993-3002 - PubMed
  69. Protein Sci. 2013 Dec;22(12):1698-710 - PubMed
  70. Neuroreport. 2001 Dec 4;12(17):3715-8 - PubMed
  71. Virulence. 2010 Jul-Aug;1(4):314-8 - PubMed
  72. Int J Biol Sci. 2011;7(9):1298-310 - PubMed
  73. Sci Signal. 2009 Sep 29;2(90):ra58 - PubMed
  74. J Immunol. 2004 Sep 1;173(5):3297-304 - PubMed
  75. Trends Parasitol. 2014 Oct;30(10):491-8 - PubMed
  76. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:352371 - PubMed
  77. J Immunol. 1995 May 1;154(9):4623-9 - PubMed
  78. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Sep;13(9):679-92 - PubMed
  79. Int J Parasitol. 1998 Jan;28(1):121-34 - PubMed
  80. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Nov;64(21):2771-89 - PubMed
  81. Biol Cell. 1994;80(1):1-10 - PubMed
  82. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2002;28(3):187-248 - PubMed
  83. Infect Immun. 2010 Jun;78(6):2438-45 - PubMed
  84. Parasit Vectors. 2013 Mar 07;6:54 - PubMed
  85. J Immunol. 1999 Dec 15;163(12 ):6403-12 - PubMed
  86. Clin Immunol. 2005 Mar;114(3):266-77 - PubMed
  87. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Mar;7(3):202-12 - PubMed

Publication Types