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Wang CZ, Cai Y, Anderson S, et al. Ginseng Metabolites on Cancer Chemoprevention: An Angiogenesis Link?. Diseases. 2015;3(3):193-204doi: 10.3390/diseases3030193.
Wang, C. Z., Cai, Y., Anderson, S., & Yuan, C. S. (2015). Ginseng Metabolites on Cancer Chemoprevention: An Angiogenesis Link?. Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 3(3), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases3030193
Wang, Chong-Zhi, et al. "Ginseng Metabolites on Cancer Chemoprevention: An Angiogenesis Link?." Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 3,3 (2015): 193-204. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases3030193
Wang CZ, Cai Y, Anderson S, Yuan CS. Ginseng Metabolites on Cancer Chemoprevention: An Angiogenesis Link?. Diseases. 2015 Sep;3(3):193-204. doi: 10.3390/diseases3030193. Epub 2015 Sep 02. PMID: 26941993; PMCID: PMC4773028.
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Diseases. 2015 Sep;3(3):193-204. doi: 10.3390/diseases3030193. Epub 2015 Sep 02.

Ginseng Metabolites on Cancer Chemoprevention: An Angiogenesis Link?.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

Chong-Zhi Wang, Yi Cai, Samantha Anderson, Chun-Su Yuan

Affiliations

  1. Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
  2. Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
  3. Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

PMID: 26941993 PMCID: PMC4773028 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3030193

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. Angiogenesis inhibitors have been introduced for the treatment of cancer. Based on the fact that many anticancer agents have been developed from botanical sources, there is a significant untapped resource to be found in natural products. American ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in the U.S., which possess antioxidant properties. After oral ingestion, natural ginseng saponins are biotransformed to their metabolites by the enteric microbiome before being absorbed. The major metabolites, ginsenoside Rg3 and compound K, showed significant potent anticancer activity compared to that of their parent ginsenosides Rb1, Rc and Rd. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of ginseng metabolites on cancer chemoprevention, especially apoptosis and angiogenic inhibition, are discussed. Ginseng gut microbiome metabolites showed significant anti-angiogenic effects on pulmonary, gastric and ovarian cancers. This review suggests that in addition to the chemopreventive effects of ginseng compounds, as angiogenic inhibitors, ginsenoside metabolites could be used in combination with other cancer chemotherapeutic agents in cancer management.

Keywords: American ginseng; Panax quinquefolius; angiogenesis; cancer management; compound K; ginsenoside Rg3; intestinal microbiome; metabolites

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