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Hafer N, Milinski M. An experimental conflict of interest between parasites reveals the mechanism of host manipulation. Behav Ecol. 2015;27(2):617-627doi: 10.1093/beheco/arv200.
Hafer, N., & Milinski, M. (2016). An experimental conflict of interest between parasites reveals the mechanism of host manipulation. Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology, 27(2), 617-627. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv200
Hafer, Nina, and Milinski, Manfred. "An experimental conflict of interest between parasites reveals the mechanism of host manipulation." Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology vol. 27,2 (2016): 617-627. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv200
Hafer N, Milinski M. An experimental conflict of interest between parasites reveals the mechanism of host manipulation. Behav Ecol. 2016 Mar-Apr;27(2):617-627. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arv200. Epub 2015 Nov 23. PMID: 27004014; PMCID: PMC4797381.
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Behav Ecol. 2016 Mar-Apr;27(2):617-627. doi: 10.1093/beheco/arv200. Epub 2015 Nov 23.

An experimental conflict of interest between parasites reveals the mechanism of host manipulation.

Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology

Nina Hafer, Manfred Milinski

Affiliations

  1. Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Straße 2, D-24306 Plön , Germany.

PMID: 27004014 PMCID: PMC4797381 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv200

Abstract

Parasites can increase their host's predation susceptibility. It is a long-standing puzzle, whether this is caused by host manipulation, an evolved strategy of the parasite, or by side effects due to, for example, the parasite consuming energy from its host thereby changing the host's trade-off between avoiding predation and foraging toward foraging. Here, we use sequential infection of three-spined sticklebacks with the cestode

Keywords: Schistocephalus solidus; host manipulation; host–parasite interactions; sequential infection; side effects; three-spined stickleback.

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