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Assari S, Lankarani MM. Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences. Front Public Health. 2016;4:49doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00049.
Assari, S., & Lankarani, M. M. (2016). Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences. Frontiers in public health, 449. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00049
Assari, Shervin, and Lankarani, Maryam Moghani. "Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences." Frontiers in public health vol. 4 (2016): 49. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00049
Assari S, Lankarani MM. Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences. Front Public Health. 2016 Mar 24;4:49. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00049. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27047914; PMCID: PMC4805579.
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Front Public Health. 2016 Mar 24;4:49. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00049. eCollection 2016.

Stressful Life Events and Risk of Depression 25 Years Later: Race and Gender Differences.

Frontiers in public health

Shervin Assari, Maryam Moghani Lankarani

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health (CRECH), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
  2. Medicine and Health Promotion Institute , Tehran , Iran.

PMID: 27047914 PMCID: PMC4805579 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00049

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although stressful life events (SLEs) predict subsequent risk of developing a major depressive episode (MDE), limited information exists on whether or not race and gender alters the predictive role of SLE on risk of MDE over a long-term period. The current study explored race and gender differences in the long-term predictive role of SLE at baseline (1986) on subsequent risk of MDE 25 years later (2011) in a nationally representative cohort in the United States.

METHODS: Using a life course epidemiological approach, this longitudinal study borrowed data from the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) Study 1986-2011. Main predictor of interest was baseline SLE over the last 3 years measured at 1986. Main outcome was risk of MDE [Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)] 25 years later (2011). Covariates included demographics, socioeconomics, depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D)], chronic medical conditions, and health behaviors measured at baseline (1986). Gender and race were the focal moderators. We employed logistic regressions in the pooled sample, and specific to race and gender, to test whether or not SLE × race and SLE × gender interactions are significant.

RESULTS: In the pooled sample, baseline SLE (1986) predicted risk of MDE 25 years later (2011). We also found a gender by SLE interaction, suggesting a stronger predictive role of SLE for subsequent clinical depression for men compared to women. Race did not modify the predictive role of SLE on subsequent risk of MDE 25 years later.

CONCLUSION: How SLE predicts MDE 25 years later differs for men and women, with a stronger predictive role for men compared to women. More research is needed to better understand the complex links between gender, sex, stress, and depression.

Keywords: depression; depressive disorder; gender; population differences; psychological stress; race; sex

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