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Seinfeld JH, Bretherton C, Carslaw KS, et al. Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol-cloud interactions in the climate system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(21):5781-90doi: 10.1073/pnas.1514043113.
Seinfeld, J. H., Bretherton, C., Carslaw, K. S., Coe, H., DeMott, P. J., Dunlea, E. J., Feingold, G., Ghan, S., Guenther, A. B., Kahn, R., Kraucunas, I., Kreidenweis, S. M., Molina, M. J., Nenes, A., Penner, J. E., Prather, K. A., Ramanathan, V., Ramaswamy, V., Rasch, P. J., Ravishankara, A. R., Rosenfeld, D., Stephens, G., & Wood, R. (2016). Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol-cloud interactions in the climate system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(21), 5781-90. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514043113
Seinfeld, John H, et al. "Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol-cloud interactions in the climate system." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 113,21 (2016): 5781-90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514043113
Seinfeld JH, Bretherton C, Carslaw KS, Coe H, DeMott PJ, Dunlea EJ, Feingold G, Ghan S, Guenther AB, Kahn R, Kraucunas I, Kreidenweis SM, Molina MJ, Nenes A, Penner JE, Prather KA, Ramanathan V, Ramaswamy V, Rasch PJ, Ravishankara AR, Rosenfeld D, Stephens G, Wood R. Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol-cloud interactions in the climate system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 May 24;113(21):5781-90. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1514043113. PMID: 27222566; PMCID: PMC4889348.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 May 24;113(21):5781-90. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1514043113.

Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol-cloud interactions in the climate system.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

John H Seinfeld, Christopher Bretherton, Kenneth S Carslaw, Hugh Coe, Paul J DeMott, Edward J Dunlea, Graham Feingold, Steven Ghan, Alex B Guenther, Ralph Kahn, Ian Kraucunas, Sonia M Kreidenweis, Mario J Molina, Athanasios Nenes, Joyce E Penner, Kimberly A Prather, V Ramanathan, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy, Philip J Rasch, A R Ravishankara, Daniel Rosenfeld, Graeme Stephens, Robert Wood

Affiliations

  1. Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; [email protected].
  2. Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
  3. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds L32 9JT, United Kingdom;
  4. School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
  5. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;
  6. Board on Atmospheric Science and Climate, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001;
  7. Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80523;
  8. Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352;
  9. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;
  10. Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771;
  11. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
  12. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Patras GR-26504, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palea-Pendeli GR-15236, Greece;
  13. Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
  14. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
  15. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08540;
  16. Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
  17. Center for Climate Sciences, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91109.

PMID: 27222566 PMCID: PMC4889348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514043113

Abstract

The effect of an increase in atmospheric aerosol concentrations on the distribution and radiative properties of Earth's clouds is the most uncertain component of the overall global radiative forcing from preindustrial time. General circulation models (GCMs) are the tool for predicting future climate, but the treatment of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol-cloud radiative effects carries large uncertainties that directly affect GCM predictions, such as climate sensitivity. Predictions are hampered by the large range of scales of interaction between various components that need to be captured. Observation systems (remote sensing, in situ) are increasingly being used to constrain predictions, but significant challenges exist, to some extent because of the large range of scales and the fact that the various measuring systems tend to address different scales. Fine-scale models represent clouds, aerosols, and aerosol-cloud interactions with high fidelity but do not include interactions with the larger scale and are therefore limited from a climatic point of view. We suggest strategies for improving estimates of aerosol-cloud relationships in climate models, for new remote sensing and in situ measurements, and for quantifying and reducing model uncertainty.

Keywords: aerosol−cloud effects; climate; general circulation models; radiative forcing; satellite observations

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