Display options
Cite
Montesano C, Giovanetti M, Ciotti M, et al. Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Italy: Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis. Hepat Mon. 2016;16(3):e31951doi: 10.5812/hepatmon.31951.
Montesano, C., Giovanetti, M., Ciotti, M., Cella, E., Lo Presti, A., Grifoni, A., Zehender, G., Angeletti, S., & Ciccozzi, M. (2016). Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Italy: Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis. Hepatitis monthly, 16(3), e31951. https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.31951
Montesano, Carla, et al. "Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Italy: Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis." Hepatitis monthly vol. 16,3 (2016): e31951. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.31951
Montesano C, Giovanetti M, Ciotti M, Cella E, Lo Presti A, Grifoni A, Zehender G, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M. Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Italy: Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis. Hepat Mon. 2016 Mar 12;16(3):e31951. doi: 10.5812/hepatmon.31951. eCollection 2016 Mar. PMID: 27226798; PMCID: PMC4875568.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Hepat Mon. 2016 Mar 12;16(3):e31951. doi: 10.5812/hepatmon.31951. eCollection 2016 Mar.

Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Italy: Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis.

Hepatitis monthly

Carla Montesano, Marta Giovanetti, Marco Ciotti, Eleonora Cella, Alessandra Lo Presti, Alba Grifoni, Gianguglielmo Zehender, Silvia Angeletti, Massimo Ciccozzi

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
  2. Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy.
  3. Molecular Epidemiology and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM)/Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Institute Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
  4. Molecular Epidemiology and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM)/Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Institute Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy.
  5. ProxAgen Ltd, Sofia, Bulgaria.
  6. Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  7. Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
  8. Molecular Epidemiology and Microbial Evolution (FEMEM)/Epidemiology Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Institute Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy; Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.

PMID: 27226798 PMCID: PMC4875568 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.31951

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries, has been classified into four main genotypes and a number of subtypes. New genotypes have been recently identified in various mammals, including HEV genotype 3, which has a worldwide distribution. It is widespread among pigs in developed countries.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the genetic diversity of HEV among humans and swine in Italy. The date of origin and the demographic history of the HEV were also estimated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 327 HEV sequences of swine and humans from Italy were downloaded from the national centre for biotechnology information. Three different data sets were constructed. The first and the second data set were used to confirm the genotype of the sequences analyzed. The third data set was used to estimate the mean evolutionary rate and to determine the time-scaled phylogeny and demographic history.

RESULTS: The Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree and the time of the most common recent ancestor estimates showed that the root of the tree dated back to the year 1907 (95% HPD: 1811 - 1975). Two main clades were found, divided into two subclades. Skyline plot analysis, performed separately for human and swine sequences, demonstrated the presence of a bottleneck only in the skyline plot from the swine sequences. Selective pressure analysis revealed only negatively selected sites.

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides support for the hypothesis that humans are probably infected after contact with swine sources. The findings emphasize the importance of checking the country of origin of swine and of improving sanitary control measures from the veterinary standpoint to prevent the spread of HEV infection in Italy.

Keywords: Evolution; Hepatitis E Virus; Phylogeny

References

  1. Genetics. 2000 May;155(1):431-49 - PubMed
  2. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Dec;19(12):2054-6 - PubMed
  3. Gastroenterology. 2012 May;142(6):1388-1397.e1 - PubMed
  4. J Gen Virol. 2010 Mar;91(Pt 3):750-8 - PubMed
  5. Virology. 1991 Nov;185(1):120-31 - PubMed
  6. Lancet. 2012 Jun 30;379(9835):2477-88 - PubMed
  7. New Microbiol. 2013 Jan;36(1):75-9 - PubMed
  8. Mol Biol Evol. 2005 Apr;22(4):1107-18 - PubMed
  9. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 17;15:531 - PubMed
  10. Vet Microbiol. 2008 Jan 1;126(1-3):74-81 - PubMed
  11. J Med Virol. 1997 Dec;53(4):340-7 - PubMed
  12. Syst Biol. 2004 Oct;53(5):793-808 - PubMed
  13. Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Oct;27:395-401 - PubMed
  14. Bioinformatics. 2005 Mar 1;21(5):676-9 - PubMed
  15. Infect Genet Evol. 2012 Mar;12(2):392-8 - PubMed
  16. Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Jul;25:138-43 - PubMed
  17. J Hepatol. 2011 Jan;54(1):34-40 - PubMed
  18. J Gen Virol. 2000 Apr;81(Pt 4):903-9 - PubMed
  19. N Engl J Med. 2012 Sep 27;367(13):1237-44 - PubMed
  20. Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Mar;22:40-59 - PubMed
  21. Rev Med Virol. 2006 Jan-Feb;16(1):5-36 - PubMed
  22. J Infect Dis. 2010 Sep 15;202(6):825-34 - PubMed
  23. Arch Virol. 2015 Jan;160(1):153-60 - PubMed
  24. Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Aug;18(8):1585-92 - PubMed
  25. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2011;1:null - PubMed
  26. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):110-4 - PubMed
  27. Virology. 1996 Jan 1;215(1):1-9 - PubMed
  28. J Med Virol. 2009 Aug;81(8):1371-9 - PubMed
  29. J Gen Virol. 2011 Apr;92(Pt 4):902-8 - PubMed
  30. Rev Med Virol. 2007 May-Jun;17(3):151-80 - PubMed
  31. PLoS One. 2013 May 13;8(5):e61351 - PubMed
  32. Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Jun;19(6):950-8 - PubMed
  33. Mol Biol Evol. 2005 May;22(5):1208-22 - PubMed
  34. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2015 Apr;62(2):217-22 - PubMed

Publication Types