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Shin SR, Shin C, Memic A, et al. Aligned carbon nanotube-based flexible gel substrates for engineering bio-hybrid tissue actuators. Adv Funct Mater. 2015;25(28):4486-4495doi: 10.1002/adfm.201501379.
Shin, S. R., Shin, C., Memic, A., Shadmehr, S., Miscuglio, M., Jung, H. Y., Jung, S. M., Bae, H., Khademhosseini, A., Tang, X. S., & Dokmeci, M. R. (2015). Aligned carbon nanotube-based flexible gel substrates for engineering bio-hybrid tissue actuators. Advanced functional materials, 25(28), 4486-4495. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201501379
Shin, Su Ryon, et al. "Aligned carbon nanotube-based flexible gel substrates for engineering bio-hybrid tissue actuators." Advanced functional materials vol. 25,28 (2015): 4486-4495. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201501379
Shin SR, Shin C, Memic A, Shadmehr S, Miscuglio M, Jung HY, Jung SM, Bae H, Khademhosseini A, Tang XS, Dokmeci MR. Aligned carbon nanotube-based flexible gel substrates for engineering bio-hybrid tissue actuators. Adv Funct Mater. 2015 Jul 20;25(28):4486-4495. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201501379. Epub 2015 Jun 12. PMID: 27134620; PMCID: PMC4849195.
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Adv Funct Mater. 2015 Jul 20;25(28):4486-4495. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201501379. Epub 2015 Jun 12.

Aligned carbon nanotube-based flexible gel substrates for engineering bio-hybrid tissue actuators.

Advanced functional materials

Su Ryon Shin, Courtney Shin, Adnan Memic, Samaneh Shadmehr, Mario Miscuglio, Hyun Young Jung, Sung Mi Jung, Hojae Bae, Ali Khademhosseini, Xiaowu Shirley Tang, Mehmet R Dokmeci

Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
  2. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
  3. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
  4. Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
  5. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
  6. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
  7. College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
  8. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.

PMID: 27134620 PMCID: PMC4849195 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201501379

Abstract

Muscle-based biohybrid actuators have generated significant interest as the future of biorobotics but so far they move without having much control over their actuation behavior. Integration of microelectrodes into the backbone of these systems may enable guidance during their motion and allow precise control over these actuators with specific activation patterns. Here, we addressed this challenge by developing aligned CNT forest microelectrode arrays and incorporated them into scaffolds for stimulating the cells. Aligned CNTs were successfully embedded into flexible and biocompatible hydrogel exhibiting excellent anisotropic electrical conductivity. Bioactuators were then engineered by culturing cardiomyocytes on the CNT microelectrode-integrated hydrogel constructs. The resulting cardiac tissue showed homogeneous cell organization with improved cell-to-cell coupling and maturation, which was directly related to the contractile force of muscle tissue. This centimeter-scale bioactuator has excellent mechanical integrity, embedded microelectrodes and is capable of spontaneous actuation behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a biohybrid machine can be controlled by an external electrical field provided by the integrated CNT microelectrode arrays. In addition, due to the anisotropic electrical conductivity of the electrodes provided from aligned CNTs, significantly different excitation thresholds were observed in different configurations such as the ones in parallel vs. perpendicular direction to the CNT alignment.

Keywords: Bioactuators; Carbon Nanotubes; Cardiac tissue engineering; Hybrid hydrogels; Microelectrode arrays

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