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Plants (Basel). 2015 Jul 14;4(3):489-504. doi: 10.3390/plants4030489.

Cell Wall Amine Oxidases: New Players in Root Xylem Differentiation under Stress Conditions.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Sandip A Ghuge, Alessandra Tisi, Andrea Carucci, Renato A Rodrigues-Pousada, Stefano Franchi, Paraskevi Tavladoraki, Riccardo Angelini, Alessandra Cona

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo 00015, Italy. [email protected].
  2. Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy. [email protected].
  3. Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy. [email protected].
  4. Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy. [email protected].
  5. Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy. [email protected].
  6. Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy. [email protected].
  7. Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome 00136, Italy. [email protected].
  8. Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy. [email protected].
  9. Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome 00136, Italy. [email protected].
  10. Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma 00146, Italy. [email protected].
  11. Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome 00136, Italy. [email protected].

PMID: 27135338 PMCID: PMC4844406 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030489

Abstract

Polyamines (PAs) are aliphatic polycations present in all living organisms. A growing body of evidence reveals their involvement as regulators in a variety of physiological and pathological events. They are oxidatively deaminated by amine oxidases (AOs), including copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent polyamine oxidases (PAOs). The biologically-active hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a shared compound in all of the AO-catalyzed reactions, and it has been reported to play important roles in PA-mediated developmental and stress-induced processes. In particular, the AO-driven H₂O₂ biosynthesis in the cell wall is well known to be involved in plant wound healing and pathogen attack responses by both triggering peroxidase-mediated wall-stiffening events and signaling modulation of defense gene expression. Extensive investigation by a variety of methodological approaches revealed high levels of expression of cell wall-localized AOs in root xylem tissues and vascular parenchyma of different plant species. Here, the recent progresses in understanding the role of cell wall-localized AOs as mediators of root xylem differentiation during development and/or under stress conditions are reviewed. A number of experimental pieces of evidence supports the involvement of apoplastic H₂O₂ derived from PA oxidation in xylem tissue maturation under stress-simulated conditions.

Keywords: amine oxidases; cell wall; hydrogen peroxide; polyamines; root; xylem differentiation

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