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Smykowski A, Fischer SM, Zentgraf U. Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1. Plants (Basel). 2015;4(3):691-709doi: 10.3390/plants4030691.
Smykowski, A., Fischer, S. M., & Zentgraf, U. (2015). Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 4(3), 691-709. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4030691
Smykowski, Anja, et al. "Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1." Plants (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 4,3 (2015): 691-709. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants4030691
Smykowski A, Fischer SM, Zentgraf U. Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1. Plants (Basel). 2015 Sep 16;4(3):691-709. doi: 10.3390/plants4030691. PMID: 27135347; PMCID: PMC4844403.
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Plants (Basel). 2015 Sep 16;4(3):691-709. doi: 10.3390/plants4030691.

Phosphorylation Affects DNA-Binding of the Senescence-Regulating bZIP Transcription Factor GBF1.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Anja Smykowski, Stefan M Fischer, Ulrike Zentgraf

Affiliations

  1. ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tuebingen 72076, Germany. [email protected].
  2. ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tuebingen 72076, Germany. [email protected].
  3. ZMBP, General Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tuebingen 72076, Germany. [email protected].

PMID: 27135347 PMCID: PMC4844403 DOI: 10.3390/plants4030691

Abstract

Massive changes in the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana during onset and progression of leaf senescence imply a central role for transcription factors. While many transcription factors are themselves up- or down-regulated during senescence, the bZIP transcription factor G-box-binding factor 1 (GBF1/bZIP41) is constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis leaf tissue but at the same time triggers the onset of leaf senescence, suggesting posttranscriptional mechanisms for senescence-specific GBF1 activation. Here we show that GBF1 is phosphorylated by the threonine/serine CASEIN KINASE II (CKII) in vitro and that CKII phosphorylation had a negative effect on GBF1 DNA-binding to G-boxes of two direct target genes, CATALASE2 and RBSCS1a. Phosphorylation mimicry at three serine positions in the basic region of GBF1 also had a negative effect on DNA-binding. Kinase assays revealed that CKII phosphorylates at least one serine in the basic domain but has additional phosphorylation sites outside this domain. Two different ckII α subunit1 and one α subunit2 T-DNA insertion lines showed no visible senescence phenotype, but in all lines the expression of the senescence marker gene SAG12 was remarkably diminished. A model is presented suggesting that senescence-specific GBF1 activation might be achieved by lowering the phosphorylation of GBF1 by CKII.

Keywords: CASEIN KINASE II; GBF1; phosphorylation; phosphorylation mimicry; senescence regulation

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