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Rosenblum Lichtenstein JH, Molina RM, Donaghey TC, et al. Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55(4):521-531doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291OC.
Rosenblum Lichtenstein, J. H., Molina, R. M., Donaghey, T. C., Hsu, Y. H., Mathews, J. A., Kasahara, D. I., Park, J. A., Bordini, A., Godleski, J. J., Gillis, B. S., & Brain, J. D. (2016). Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 55(4), 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291OC
Rosenblum Lichtenstein, Jamie H, et al. "Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2." American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology vol. 55,4 (2016): 521-531. doi: https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291OC
Rosenblum Lichtenstein JH, Molina RM, Donaghey TC, Hsu YH, Mathews JA, Kasahara DI, Park JA, Bordini A, Godleski JJ, Gillis BS, Brain JD. Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Oct;55(4):521-531. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291OC. PMID: 27148627; PMCID: PMC5070103.
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Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016 Oct;55(4):521-531. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291OC.

Repeated Mouse Lung Exposures to Stachybotrys chartarum Shift Immune Response from Type 1 to Type 2.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

Jamie H Rosenblum Lichtenstein, Ramon M Molina, Thomas C Donaghey, Yi-Hsiang H Hsu, Joel A Mathews, David I Kasahara, Jin-Ah Park, André Bordini, John J Godleski, Bruce S Gillis, Joseph D Brain

Affiliations

  1. 1 Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
  2. 2 Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
  3. 3 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

PMID: 27148627 PMCID: PMC5070103 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0291OC

Abstract

After a single or multiple intratracheal instillations of Stachybotrys chartarum (S. chartarum or black mold) spores in BALB/c mice, we characterized cytokine production, metabolites, and inflammatory patterns by analyzing mouse bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung tissue, and plasma. We found marked differences in BAL cell counts, especially large increases in lymphocytes and eosinophils in multiple-dosed mice. Formation of eosinophil-rich granulomas and airway goblet cell metaplasia were prevalent in the lungs of multiple-dosed mice but not in single- or saline-dosed groups. We detected changes in the cytokine expression profiles in both the BAL and plasma. Multiple pulmonary exposures to S. chartarum induced significant metabolic changes in the lungs but not in the plasma. These changes suggest a shift from type 1 inflammation after an acute exposure to type 2 inflammation after multiple exposures to S. chartarum. Eotaxin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and the IL-8 analogs macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), had more dramatic changes in multiple- than in single-dosed mice, and parallel the cytokines that characterize humans with histories of mold exposures versus unexposed control subjects. This repeated exposure model allows us to more realistically characterize responses to mold, such as cytokine, metabolic, and cellular changes.

Keywords: fungi; inflammation; lymphoid cells; macrophages; metabolome

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