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Unzeta M, Esteban G, Bolea I, et al. Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:205doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205.
Unzeta, M., Esteban, G., Bolea, I., Fogel, W. A., Ramsay, R. R., Youdim, M. B., Tipton, K. F., & Marco-Contelles, J. (2016). Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Frontiers in neuroscience, 10205. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00205
Unzeta, Mercedes, et al. "Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease." Frontiers in neuroscience vol. 10 (2016): 205. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00205
Unzeta M, Esteban G, Bolea I, Fogel WA, Ramsay RR, Youdim MB, Tipton KF, Marco-Contelles J. Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci. 2016 May 25;10:205. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27252617; PMCID: PMC4879129.
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Front Neurosci. 2016 May 25;10:205. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205. eCollection 2016.

Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease.

Frontiers in neuroscience

Mercedes Unzeta, Gerard Esteban, Irene Bolea, Wieslawa A Fogel, Rona R Ramsay, Moussa B H Youdim, Keith F Tipton, José Marco-Contelles

Affiliations

  1. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
  2. School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland.
  3. Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz Lodz, Poland.
  4. Biomolecular Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews St. Andrews, UK.
  5. Department of Pharmacology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Haifa, Israel.
  6. Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council Madrid, Spain.

PMID: 27252617 PMCID: PMC4879129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS ASS234 is a MTDL compound containing a moiety from Donepezil and the propargyl group from the PF 9601N, a potent and selective MAO B inhibitor. This compound is the most advanced anti-Alzheimer agent for preclinical studies identified in our laboratory.Derived from ASS234 both multipotent donepezil-indolyl (MTDL-1) and donepezil-pyridyl hybrids (MTDL-2) were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of AChE/BuChE and both MAO isoforms. MTDL-2 showed more high affinity toward the four enzymes than MTDL-1.MTDL-3 and MTDL-4, were designed containing the N-benzylpiperidinium moiety from Donepezil, a metal- chelating 8-hydroxyquinoline group and linked to a N-propargyl core and they were pharmacologically evaluated.The presence of the cyano group in MTDL-3, enhanced binding to AChE, BuChE and MAO A. It showed antioxidant behavior and it was able to strongly complex Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III).MTDL-4 showed higher affinity toward AChE, BuChE.MTDL-3 exhibited good brain penetration capacity (ADMET) and less toxicity than Donepezil. Memory deficits in scopolamine-lesioned animals were restored by MTDL-3.MTDL-3 particularly emerged as a ligand showing remarkable potential benefits for its use in AD therapy. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of adult onset dementia, is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, decline in language skills, and other cognitive impairments. Although its etiology is not completely known, several factors including deficits of acetylcholine, β-amyloid deposits, τ-protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are considered to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of this disease. For a long time, AD patients have been treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept®) but with limited therapeutic success. This might be due to the complex multifactorial nature of AD, a fact that has prompted the design of new Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDL) based on the "one molecule, multiple targets" paradigm. Thus, in this context, different series of novel multifunctional molecules with antioxidant, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, and metal-chelating properties able to interact with multiple enzymes of therapeutic interest in AD pathology including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidases A and B have been designed and assessed biologically. This review describes the multiple targets, the design rationale and an in-house MTDL library, bearing the N-benzylpiperidine motif present in donepezil, linked to different heterocyclic ring systems (indole, pyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline) with special emphasis on compound ASS234, an N-propargylindole derivative. The description of the in vitro biological properties of the compounds and discussion of the corresponding structure-activity-relationships allows us to highlight new issues for the identification of more efficient MTDL for use in AD therapy.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; anti-β-amyloid aggregation; donepezil; multi-target-directed ligands; oxidative stress

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