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Ma HJ, Scharinger S, Zeng SW, et al. Local Electrical Imaging of Tetragonal Domains and Field-Induced Ferroelectric Twin Walls in Conducting SrTiO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116(25):257601doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.257601.
Ma, H. J., Scharinger, S., Zeng, S. W., Kohlberger, D., Lange, M., Stöhr, A., Wang, X. R., Venkatesan, T., Kleiner, R., Scott, J. F., Coey, J. M., Koelle, D., & Ariando. (2016). Local Electrical Imaging of Tetragonal Domains and Field-Induced Ferroelectric Twin Walls in Conducting SrTiO_{3}. Physical review letters, 116(25), 257601. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.257601
Ma, H J Harsan, et al. "Local Electrical Imaging of Tetragonal Domains and Field-Induced Ferroelectric Twin Walls in Conducting SrTiO_{3}." Physical review letters vol. 116,25 (2016): 257601. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.257601
Ma HJ, Scharinger S, Zeng SW, Kohlberger D, Lange M, Stöhr A, Wang XR, Venkatesan T, Kleiner R, Scott JF, Coey JM, Koelle D, Ariando. Local Electrical Imaging of Tetragonal Domains and Field-Induced Ferroelectric Twin Walls in Conducting SrTiO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Jun 24;116(25):257601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.257601. Epub 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27391752.
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Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Jun 24;116(25):257601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.257601. Epub 2016 Jun 20.

Local Electrical Imaging of Tetragonal Domains and Field-Induced Ferroelectric Twin Walls in Conducting SrTiO_{3}.

Physical review letters

H J Harsan Ma, S Scharinger, S W Zeng, D Kohlberger, M Lange, A Stöhr, X Renshaw Wang, T Venkatesan, R Kleiner, J F Scott, J M D Coey, D Koelle, Ariando

Affiliations

  1. NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore, Singapore.
  2. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore, Singapore.
  3. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Quantum Science (CQ) in LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
  4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore.
  5. School of Chemistry and School of Physics, St. Andrews University, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.
  6. Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.

PMID: 27391752 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.257601

Abstract

We demonstrate electrical mapping of tetragonal domains and electric field-induced twin walls in SrTiO_{3} as a function of temperature and gate bias utilizing the conducting LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Conducting twin walls appear below 105 K, and new twin patterns are observed after thermal cycling through the transition or on electric field gating. The nature of the twin walls is confirmed by calculating their intersection angles for different substrate orientations. Numerous walls formed when a large side- or back-gate voltage is applied are identified as field-induced ferroelectric twin walls in the paraelectric tetragonal matrix. The walls persist after switching off the electric field and on thermal cycling below 105 K. These observations point to a new type of ferroelectric functionality in SrTiO_{3}, which could be exploited together with magnetism and superconductivity in a multifunctional context.

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