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Prasetyo AA, Dharmawan R, Raharjo I, et al. Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients. J Glob Infect Dis. 2016;8(2):75-81doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.182121.
Prasetyo, A. A., Dharmawan, R., Raharjo, I., & Hudiyono. (2016). Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients. Journal of global infectious diseases, 8(2), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-777X.182121
Prasetyo, Afiono Agung, et al. "Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients." Journal of global infectious diseases vol. 8,2 (2016): 75-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-777X.182121
Prasetyo AA, Dharmawan R, Raharjo I, Hudiyono. Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients. J Glob Infect Dis. 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):75-81. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.182121. PMID: 27293362; PMCID: PMC4879794.
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J Glob Infect Dis. 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):75-81. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.182121.

Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients.

Journal of global infectious diseases

Afiono Agung Prasetyo, Ruben Dharmawan, Irvan Raharjo, Hudiyono

Affiliations

  1. A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Center of Biotechnology and Biodiversity Research and Development, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia.
  2. A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Surakarta, Indonesia.
  3. A-IGIC (A-Infection, Genomic, Immunology & Cancer) Research Group, Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Indonesia.

PMID: 27293362 PMCID: PMC4879794 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777X.182121

Abstract

CONTEXT: Data regarding the distribution of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E alleles and their association with blood-borne pathogen infections/co-infections are limited for many populations, including Indonesia.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between HLA-E allelic variants and infection with blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), torque teno virus (TTV), GB virus C (GBV-C), and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in Indonesian Javanese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 320 anti-HIV-positive blood samples were analyzed for HBV, HCV, HDV, TTV, GBV-C, and T. gondii infection status and its association with HLA-E allelic variants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nucleic acid was extracted from plasma samples and used for the molecular detection of HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HDV RNA, TTV DNA, and GBV-C RNA, whereas hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG) anti-T. gondii were detected through serological testing. The blood samples were genotyped for HLA-E loci using a sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Either the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the frequency of HLA-E alleles and blood-borne pathogen infections in the population. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to measure the association between the antibodies found and the participants' possible risk behaviors. A logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations.

RESULTS: HLA-E*101/0101 was associated with HCV/TTV co-infection (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.156-10.734; P = 0.027) and IgM/IgG anti-Toxo positivity (aOR: 27.0; 95% CI: 3.626-200.472; P = 0.001). HLA-E*103/0103 was associated with TTV co-infection (aOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.509-4.796; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: HLA-E alleles in Indonesian Javanese HIV patients were found to be associated with HCV, TTV, and toxoplasma co-infections.

Keywords: Hepatitis C virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human leukocyte antigen-E; Torque teno virus; Toxoplasma

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