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Nune SK, Lao DB, Heldebrant DJ, et al. Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity. Nat Nanotechnol. 2016;11(9):791-7doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.91.
Nune, S. K., Lao, D. B., Heldebrant, D. J., Liu, J., Olszta, M. J., Kukkadapu, R. K., Gordon, L. M., Nandasiri, M. I., Whyatt, G., Clayton, C., Gotthold, D. W., Engelhard, M. H., & Schaef, H. T. (2016). Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity. Nature nanotechnology, 11(9), 791-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.91
Nune, Satish K, et al. "Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity." Nature nanotechnology vol. 11,9 (2016): 791-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.91
Nune SK, Lao DB, Heldebrant DJ, Liu J, Olszta MJ, Kukkadapu RK, Gordon LM, Nandasiri MI, Whyatt G, Clayton C, Gotthold DW, Engelhard MH, Schaef HT. Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity. Nat Nanotechnol. 2016 Sep;11(9):791-7. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.91. Epub 2016 Jun 13. PMID: 27294505.
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Nat Nanotechnol. 2016 Sep;11(9):791-7. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2016.91. Epub 2016 Jun 13.

Anomalous water expulsion from carbon-based rods at high humidity.

Nature nanotechnology

Satish K Nune, David B Lao, David J Heldebrant, Jian Liu, Matthew J Olszta, Ravi K Kukkadapu, Lyle M Gordon, Manjula I Nandasiri, Greg Whyatt, Chris Clayton, David W Gotthold, Mark H Engelhard, Herbert T Schaef

Affiliations

  1. Energy &Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
  2. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.
  3. Fundamental and Computational Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA.

PMID: 27294505 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.91

Abstract

Three water adsorption-desorption mechanisms are common in inorganic materials: chemisorption, which can lead to the modification of the first coordination sphere; simple adsorption, which is reversible; and condensation, which is irreversible. Regardless of the sorption mechanism, all known materials exhibit an isotherm in which the quantity of water adsorbed increases with an increase in relative humidity. Here, we show that carbon-based rods can adsorb water at low humidity and spontaneously expel about half of the adsorbed water when the relative humidity exceeds a 50-80% threshold. The water expulsion is reversible, and is attributed to the interfacial forces between the confined rod surfaces. At wide rod spacings, a monolayer of water can form on the surface of the carbon-based rods, which subsequently leads to condensation in the confined space between adjacent rods. As the relative humidity increases, adjacent rods (confining surfaces) in the bundles are drawn closer together via capillary forces. At high relative humidity, and once the size of the confining surfaces has decreased to a critical length, a surface-induced evaporation phenomenon known as solvent cavitation occurs and water that had condensed inside the confined area is released as a vapour.

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