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Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, et al. Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116(24):241105doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241105.
Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergé, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., & Vos, E. E. (2016). Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015. Physical review letters, 116(24), 241105. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241105
Adriani, O, et al. "Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015." Physical review letters vol. 116,24 (2016): 241105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241105
Adriani O, Barbarino GC, Bazilevskaya GA, Bellotti R, Boezio M, Bogomolov EA, Bongi M, Bonvicini V, Bottai S, Bruno A, Cafagna F, Campana D, Carlson P, Casolino M, Castellini G, De Santis C, Di Felice V, Galper AM, Karelin AV, Koldashov SV, Koldobskiy SA, Krutkov SY, Kvashnin AN, Leonov A, Malakhov V, Marcelli L, Martucci M, Mayorov AG, Menn W, Mergé M, Mikhailov VV, Mocchiutti E, Monaco A, Mori N, Munini R, Osteria G, Panico B, Papini P, Pearce M, Picozza P, Ricci M, Ricciarini SB, Simon M, Sparvoli R, Spillantini P, Stozhkov YI, Vacchi A, Vannuccini E, Vasilyev GI, Voronov SA, Yurkin YT, Zampa G, Zampa N, Potgieter MS, Vos EE. Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015. Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Jun 17;116(24):241105. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241105. Epub 2016 Jun 17. PMID: 27367381.
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Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Jun 17;116(24):241105. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241105. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

Time Dependence of the Electron and Positron Components of the Cosmic Radiation Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between July 2006 and December 2015.

Physical review letters

O Adriani, G C Barbarino, G A Bazilevskaya, R Bellotti, M Boezio, E A Bogomolov, M Bongi, V Bonvicini, S Bottai, A Bruno, F Cafagna, D Campana, P Carlson, M Casolino, G Castellini, C De Santis, V Di Felice, A M Galper, A V Karelin, S V Koldashov, S A Koldobskiy, S Y Krutkov, A N Kvashnin, A Leonov, V Malakhov, L Marcelli, M Martucci, A G Mayorov, W Menn, M Mergé, V V Mikhailov, E Mocchiutti, A Monaco, N Mori, R Munini, G Osteria, B Panico, P Papini, M Pearce, P Picozza, M Ricci, S B Ricciarini, M Simon, R Sparvoli, P Spillantini, Y I Stozhkov, A Vacchi, E Vannuccini, G I Vasilyev, S A Voronov, Y T Yurkin, G Zampa, N Zampa, M S Potgieter, E E Vos

Affiliations

  1. University of Florence, Department of Physics, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
  2. INFN, Sezione di Florence, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
  3. University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Physics, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
  4. INFN, Sezione di Naples, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
  5. Lebedev Physical Institute, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia.
  6. University of Bari, Department of Physics, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
  7. INFN, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
  8. INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy.
  9. Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia.
  10. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, and the Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  11. INFN, Sezione di Rome "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  12. IFAC, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
  13. University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Physics, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  14. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
  15. National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia.
  16. INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
  17. Universität Siegen, Department of Physics, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
  18. University of Trieste, Department of Physics, I-34147 Trieste, Italy.
  19. University of Udine, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
  20. Centre for Space Research, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

PMID: 27367381 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241105

Abstract

Cosmic-ray electrons and positrons are a unique probe of the propagation of cosmic rays as well as of the nature and distribution of particle sources in our Galaxy. Recent measurements of these particles are challenging our basic understanding of the mechanisms of production, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. Particularly striking are the differences between the low energy results collected by the space-borne PAMELA and AMS-02 experiments and older measurements pointing to sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation of cosmic-ray spectra. The PAMELA experiment has been measuring the time variation of the positron and electron intensity at Earth from July 2006 to December 2015 covering the period for the minimum of solar cycle 23 (2006-2009) until the middle of the maximum of solar cycle 24, through the polarity reversal of the heliospheric magnetic field which took place between 2013 and 2014. The positron to electron ratio measured in this time period clearly shows a sign-charge dependence of the solar modulation introduced by particle drifts. These results provide the first clear and continuous observation of how drift effects on solar modulation have unfolded with time from solar minimum to solar maximum and their dependence on the particle rigidity and the cyclic polarity of the solar magnetic field.

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