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Paerl HW, Scott JT, McCarthy MJ, et al. It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol. 2016;50(20):10805-10813doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02575.
Paerl, H. W., Scott, J. T., McCarthy, M. J., Newell, S. E., Gardner, W. S., Havens, K. E., Hoffman, D. K., Wilhelm, S. W., & Wurtsbaugh, W. A. (2016). It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems. Environmental science & technology, 50(20), 10805-10813. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02575
Paerl, Hans W, et al. "It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems." Environmental science & technology vol. 50,20 (2016): 10805-10813. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02575
Paerl HW, Scott JT, McCarthy MJ, Newell SE, Gardner WS, Havens KE, Hoffman DK, Wilhelm SW, Wurtsbaugh WA. It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Oct 18;50(20):10805-10813. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02575. Epub 2016 Oct 06. PMID: 27667268.
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Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Oct 18;50(20):10805-10813. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02575. Epub 2016 Oct 06.

It Takes Two to Tango: When and Where Dual Nutrient (N & P) Reductions Are Needed to Protect Lakes and Downstream Ecosystems.

Environmental science & technology

Hans W Paerl, J Thad Scott, Mark J McCarthy, Silvia E Newell, Wayne S Gardner, Karl E Havens, Daniel K Hoffman, Steven W Wilhelm, Wayne A Wurtsbaugh

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States.
  2. Department of Biology, Baylor University , One Bear Place #97388, Waco, Texas 76798, United States.
  3. Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University , Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States.
  4. Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States.
  5. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, and Florida Sea Grant College Program, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States.
  6. Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0845, United States.
  7. Watershed Sciences Department and the Ecology Center, Utah State University , Logan, Utah 84322-5210, United States.

PMID: 27667268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02575

Abstract

Preventing harmful algal blooms (HABs) is needed to protect lakes and downstream ecosystems. Traditionally, reducing phosphorus (P) inputs was the prescribed solution for lakes, based on the assumption that P universally limits HAB formation. Reduction of P inputs has decreased HABs in many lakes, but was not successful in others. Thus, the "P-only" paradigm is overgeneralized. Whole-lake experiments indicate that HABs are often stimulated more by combined P and nitrogen (N) enrichment rather than N or P alone, indicating that the dynamics of both nutrients are important for HAB control. The changing paradigm from P-only to consideration of dual nutrient control is supported by studies indicating that (1) biological N fixation cannot always meet lake ecosystem N needs, and (2) that anthropogenic N and P loading has increased dramatically in recent decades. Sediment P accumulation supports long-term internal loading, while N may escape via denitrification, leading to perpetual N deficits. Hence, controlling both N and P inputs will help control HABs in some lakes and also reduce N export to downstream N-sensitive ecosystems. Managers should consider whether balanced control of N and P will most effectively reduce HABs along the freshwater-marine continuum.

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