F1000Res. 2016 Aug 24;5. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.9180.1. eCollection 2016.
Circadian influences on dopamine circuits of the brain: regulation of striatal rhythms of clock gene expression and implications for psychopathology and disease.
F1000Research
Michael Verwey, Sabine Dhir, Shimon Amir
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Center for Studies in Behavioural Neurobiology, FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concorida University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
PMID: 27635233
PMCID: PMC5007753 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9180.1
Abstract
Circadian clock proteins form an autoregulatory feedback loop that is central to the endogenous generation and transmission of daily rhythms in behavior and physiology. Increasingly, circadian rhythms in clock gene expression are being reported in diverse tissues and brain regions that lie outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian clock in mammals. For many of these extra-SCN rhythms, however, the region-specific implications are still emerging. In order to gain important insights into the potential behavioral, physiological, and psychological relevance of these daily oscillations, researchers have begun to focus on describing the neurochemical, hormonal, metabolic, and epigenetic contributions to the regulation of these rhythms. This review will highlight important sites and sources of circadian control within dopaminergic and striatal circuitries of the brain and will discuss potential implications for psychopathology and disease . For example, rhythms in clock gene expression in the dorsal striatum are sensitive to changes in dopamine release, which has potential implications for Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. Rhythms in the ventral striatum and limbic forebrain are sensitive to psychological and physical stressors, which may have implications for major depressive disorder. Collectively, a rich circadian tapestry has emerged that forces us to expand traditional views and to reconsider the psychopathological, behavioral, and physiological importance of these region-specific rhythms in brain areas that are not immediately linked with the regulation of circadian rhythms.
Keywords: circadian clock; circadian control; circadian rhythms; clock gene
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No competing interests were disclosed. No competing interests were disclosed.
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