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Bazmi E, Behnoush B, Akhgari M, et al. Quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor by high-performance liquid chromatography. SAGE Open Med. 2016;4:2050312116666243doi: 10.1177/2050312116666243.
Bazmi, E., Behnoush, B., Akhgari, M., & Bahmanabadi, L. (2016). Quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor by high-performance liquid chromatography. SAGE open medicine, 42050312116666243. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312116666243
Bazmi, Elham, et al. "Quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor by high-performance liquid chromatography." SAGE open medicine vol. 4 (2016): 2050312116666243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312116666243
Bazmi E, Behnoush B, Akhgari M, Bahmanabadi L. Quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor by high-performance liquid chromatography. SAGE Open Med. 2016 Sep 01;4:2050312116666243. doi: 10.1177/2050312116666243. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27635251; PMCID: PMC5011391.
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SAGE Open Med. 2016 Sep 01;4:2050312116666243. doi: 10.1177/2050312116666243. eCollection 2016.

Quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor by high-performance liquid chromatography.

SAGE open medicine

Elham Bazmi, Behnam Behnoush, Maryam Akhgari, Leila Bahmanabadi

Affiliations

  1. Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Forensic Toxicology Department, Tehran, Iran.
  2. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 27635251 PMCID: PMC5011391 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116666243

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Benzodiazepines are frequently screened drugs in emergency toxicology, drugs of abuse testing, and in forensic cases. As the variations of benzodiazepines concentrations in biological samples during bleeding, postmortem changes, and redistribution could be biasing forensic medicine examinations, hence selecting a suitable sample and a validated accurate method is essential for the quantitative analysis of these main drug categories. The aim of this study was to develop a valid method for the determination of four benzodiazepines (flurazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, and diazepam) in vitreous humor using liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography.

METHODS: Sample preparation was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane: ethyl acetate and subsequent detection by high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to diode array detector. This method was applied to quantify benzodiazepines in 21 authentic vitreous humor samples. Linear curve for each drug was obtained within the range of 30-3000 ng/mL with coefficient of correlation higher than 0.99.

RESULTS: The limit of detection and quantitation were 30 and 100 ng/mL respectively for four drugs. The method showed an appropriate intra- and inter-day precision (coefficient of variation < 10%). Benzodiazepines recoveries were estimated to be over 80%. The method showed high selectivity; no additional peak due to interfering substances in samples was observed.

CONCLUSION: The present method was selective, sensitive, accurate, and precise for the quantitative analysis of benzodiazepines in vitreous humor samples in forensic toxicology laboratory.

Keywords: Benzodiazepines; forensic toxicology; high-performance liquid chromatography; liquid–liquid extraction; method validation; vitreous humor

Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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