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Chen WN, Hsiao YJ, Mayfield AB, et al. Transmission of a heterologous clade C Symbiodinium in a model anemone infection system via asexual reproduction. PeerJ. 2016;4:e2358doi: 10.7717/peerj.2358.
Chen, W. N., Hsiao, Y. J., Mayfield, A. B., Young, R., Hsu, L. L., & Peng, S. E. (2016). Transmission of a heterologous clade C Symbiodinium in a model anemone infection system via asexual reproduction. PeerJ, 4e2358. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2358
Chen, Wan-Nan U, et al. "Transmission of a heterologous clade C Symbiodinium in a model anemone infection system via asexual reproduction." PeerJ vol. 4 (2016): e2358. doi: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2358
Chen WN, Hsiao YJ, Mayfield AB, Young R, Hsu LL, Peng SE. Transmission of a heterologous clade C Symbiodinium in a model anemone infection system via asexual reproduction. PeerJ. 2016 Aug 24;4:e2358. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2358. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27635330; PMCID: PMC5012276.
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PeerJ. 2016 Aug 24;4:e2358. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2358. eCollection 2016.

Transmission of a heterologous clade C Symbiodinium in a model anemone infection system via asexual reproduction.

PeerJ

Wan-Nan U Chen, Ya-Ju Hsiao, Anderson B Mayfield, Ryan Young, Ling-Lan Hsu, Shao-En Peng

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.
  2. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium , Checheng, Pingtung , Taiwan.
  3. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan; Living Oceans Foundation, Landover, MD, United States of America.
  4. University of California, Davis , United States.
  5. Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.
  6. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan.

PMID: 27635330 PMCID: PMC5012276 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2358

Abstract

Anemones of genus Exaiptasia are used as model organisms for the study of cnidarian-dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) endosymbiosis. However, while most reef-building corals harbor Symbiodinium of clade C, Exaiptasia spp. anemones mainly harbor clade B Symbiodinium (ITS2 type B1) populations. In this study, we reveal for the first time that bleached Exaiptasia pallida anemones can establish a symbiotic relationship with a clade C Symbiodinium (ITS2 type C1). We further found that anemones can transmit the exogenously supplied clade C Symbiodinium cells to their offspring by asexual reproduction (pedal laceration). In order to corroborate the establishment of stable symbiosis, we used microscopic techniques and genetic analyses to examine several generations of anemones, and the results of these endeavors confirmed the sustainability of the system. These findings provide a framework for understanding the differences in infection dynamics between homologous and heterologous dinoflagellate types using a model anemone infection system.

Keywords: Endosymbiology; Marine biology; Microalgae

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

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