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Clin Psychol Sci. 2016 Jul;4(4):641-650. doi: 10.1177/2167702615604613. Epub 2015 Nov 19.

Daily Actigraphy Profiles Distinguish Depressive and Interepisode States in Bipolar Disorder.

Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science

Anda Gershon, Nilam Ram, Sheri L Johnson, Allison G Harvey, Jamie M Zeitzer

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine.
  2. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University.
  3. Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System.

PMID: 27642544 PMCID: PMC5022043 DOI: 10.1177/2167702615604613

Abstract

Disruptions in activity are core features of mood states in bipolar disorder (BD). This study sought to identify activity patterns that discriminate between mood states in BD. Locomotor activity was collected using actigraphy for six weeks in participants with inter-episode BD type I (n=37) or participants with no lifetime mood disorders (n=39). The 24-hour activity pattern of each participant-day was characterized and within-person differences in activity patterns were examined across mood states. Results show that among participants with BD, depressive days are distinguished from other mood states by an overall lower activity level, and a pattern of later activity onset, a midday elevation of activity, and low evening activity. No distinct within-person activity patterns were found for hypomanic/manic days. Since activity can be monitored non-invasively for extended time periods, activity pattern identification may be leveraged to detect mood states in BD, thereby providing more immediate delivery of care.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder; actigraphy; activity; circadian rhythms; depression

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