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Dickinson I, Goodall-Copestake W, Thorne MA, et al. Extremophiles in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem. Microorganisms. 2016;4(1)doi: 10.3390/microorganisms4010008.
Dickinson, I., Goodall-Copestake, W., Thorne, M. A., Schlitt, T., Ávila-Jiménez, M. L., & Pearce, D. A. (2016). Extremophiles in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem. Microorganisms, 4(1), . https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4010008
Dickinson, Iain, et al. "Extremophiles in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem." Microorganisms vol. 4,1 (2016). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms4010008
Dickinson I, Goodall-Copestake W, Thorne MA, Schlitt T, Ávila-Jiménez ML, Pearce DA. Extremophiles in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem. Microorganisms. 2016 Jan 11;4(1). doi: 10.3390/microorganisms4010008. PMID: 27681902; PMCID: PMC5029513.
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Microorganisms. 2016 Jan 11;4(1). doi: 10.3390/microorganisms4010008.

Extremophiles in an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem.

Microorganisms

Iain Dickinson, William Goodall-Copestake, Michael A S Thorne, Thomas Schlitt, Maria L Ávila-Jiménez, David A Pearce

Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. [email protected].
  2. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK. [email protected].
  3. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK. [email protected].
  4. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK. [email protected].
  5. Prudhoe St., Alnwick NE66 1UG, UK. [email protected].
  6. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. [email protected].
  7. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK. [email protected].
  8. The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, Svalbard, Longyearbyen N-9171, Norway. [email protected].

PMID: 27681902 PMCID: PMC5029513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010008

Abstract

Recent attempts to explore marine microbial diversity and the global marine microbiome have indicated a large proportion of previously unknown diversity. However, sequencing alone does not tell the whole story, as it relies heavily upon information that is already contained within sequence databases. In addition, microorganisms have been shown to present small-to-large scale biogeographical patterns worldwide, potentially making regional combinations of selection pressures unique. Here, we focus on the extremophile community in the boundary region located between the Polar Front and the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Ocean, to explore the potential of metagenomic approaches as a tool for bioprospecting in the search for novel functional activity based on targeted sampling efforts. We assessed the microbial composition and diversity from a region north of the current limit for winter sea ice, north of the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Front (SACCF) but south of the Polar Front. Although, most of the more frequently encountered sequences  were derived from common marine microorganisms, within these dominant groups, we found a proportion of genes related to secondary metabolism of potential interest in bioprospecting. Extremophiles were rare by comparison but belonged to a range of genera. Hence, they represented interesting targets from which to identify rare or novel functions. Ultimately, future shifts in environmental conditions favoring more cosmopolitan groups could have an unpredictable effect on microbial diversity and function in the Southern Ocean, perhaps excluding the rarer extremophiles.

Keywords: Antarctica; bacteria; biodiversity; bioprospecting; extremophile; fosmid; marine; metagenome; polar; rare

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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