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Gharat SA, Parmar S, Tambat S, et al. Transcriptome Analysis of the Response to NaCl in Suaeda maritima Provides an Insight into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0163485doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163485.
Gharat, S. A., Parmar, S., Tambat, S., Vasudevan, M., & Shaw, B. P. (2016). Transcriptome Analysis of the Response to NaCl in Suaeda maritima Provides an Insight into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes. PloS one, 11(9), e0163485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163485
Gharat, Sachin Ashruba, et al. "Transcriptome Analysis of the Response to NaCl in Suaeda maritima Provides an Insight into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes." PloS one vol. 11,9 (2016): e0163485. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163485
Gharat SA, Parmar S, Tambat S, Vasudevan M, Shaw BP. Transcriptome Analysis of the Response to NaCl in Suaeda maritima Provides an Insight into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes. PLoS One. 2016 Sep 28;11(9):e0163485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163485. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27682829; PMCID: PMC5040429.
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PLoS One. 2016 Sep 28;11(9):e0163485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163485. eCollection 2016.

Transcriptome Analysis of the Response to NaCl in Suaeda maritima Provides an Insight into Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes.

PloS one

Sachin Ashruba Gharat, Shaifaly Parmar, Subodh Tambat, Madavan Vasudevan, Birendra Prasad Shaw

Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India.
  2. Bionivid Technology Private Limited, 3rd Floor, 4C-209, 4th Cross, Near New Horizon College, Kasturi Nagar, Bangalore, 560043, Karnataka, India.

PMID: 27682829 PMCID: PMC5040429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163485

Abstract

Although salt tolerance is a feature representative of halophytes, most studies on this topic in plants have been conducted on glycophytes. Transcriptome profiles are also available for only a limited number of halophytes. Hence, the present study was conducted to understand the molecular basis of salt tolerance through the transcriptome profiling of the halophyte Suaeda maritima, which is an emerging plant model for research on salt tolerance. Illumina sequencing revealed 72,588 clustered transcripts, including 27,434 that were annotated using BLASTX. Salt application resulted in the 2-fold or greater upregulation of 647 genes and downregulation of 735 genes. Of these, 391 proteins were homologous to proteins in the COGs (cluster of orthologous groups) database, and the majorities were grouped into the poorly characterized category. Approximately 50% of the genes assigned to MapMan pathways showed homology to S. maritima. The majority of such genes represented transcription factors. Several genes also contributed to cell wall and carbohydrate metabolism, ion relation, redox responses and G protein, phosphoinositide and hormone signaling. Real-time PCR was used to validate the results of the deep sequencing for the most of the genes. This study demonstrates the expression of protein kinase C, the target of diacylglycerol in phosphoinositide signaling, for the first time in plants. This study further reveals that the biochemical and molecular responses occurring at several levels are associated with salt tolerance in S. maritima. At the structural level, adaptations to high salinity levels include the remodeling of cell walls and the modification of membrane lipids. At the cellular level, the accumulation of glycinebetaine and the sequestration and exclusion of Na+ appear to be important. Moreover, this study also shows that the processes related to salt tolerance might be highly complex, as reflected by the salt-induced enhancement of transcription factor expression, including hormone-responsive factors, and that this process might be initially triggered by G protein and phosphoinositide signaling.

Conflict of interest statement

Subodh Tambat and Madavan Vasudevan are employed by Bionivid Technology Private Limited. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherenc

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