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Vultaggio A, Petroni G, Pratesi S, et al. How the immune system responds to therapeutic biological agents. J Int Med Res. 2016;44(1):38-42doi: 10.1177/0300060515593248.
Vultaggio, A., Petroni, G., Pratesi, S., Nencini, F., Cammelli, D., Ferraro, A., Maggi, E., & Matucci, A. (2016). How the immune system responds to therapeutic biological agents. The Journal of international medical research, 44(1), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060515593248
Vultaggio, Alessandra, et al. "How the immune system responds to therapeutic biological agents." The Journal of international medical research vol. 44,1 (2016): 38-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060515593248
Vultaggio A, Petroni G, Pratesi S, Nencini F, Cammelli D, Ferraro A, Maggi E, Matucci A. How the immune system responds to therapeutic biological agents. J Int Med Res. 2016 Sep;44(1):38-42. doi: 10.1177/0300060515593248. PMID: 27683137; PMCID: PMC5536528.
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J Int Med Res. 2016 Sep;44(1):38-42. doi: 10.1177/0300060515593248.

How the immune system responds to therapeutic biological agents.

The Journal of international medical research

Alessandra Vultaggio, Giulia Petroni, Sara Pratesi, Francesca Nencini, Daniele Cammelli, Andrea Ferraro, Enrico Maggi, Andrea Matucci

Affiliations

  1. Centre of Excellence Denothe and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  2. Department of Biomedicine, Immunoallergology Section, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
  3. Department of Biomedicine, Immunoallergology Section, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy [email protected].

PMID: 27683137 PMCID: PMC5536528 DOI: 10.1177/0300060515593248

Abstract

Biological agents target disease mechanisms and have modified the natural history of several immune-mediated disorders. Biological agents are structurally immunogenic, and therefore usually elicit a minor, subclinical and transient phenomenon. Occasionally, however, these drugs induce complete cellular and humoral immune responses, with the main clinical consequences being hypersensitivity reactions or loss of treatment response. This article considers the relative pathogenic mechanisms influencing immunogenicity in biological agents and discusses mechanisms of tolerance and adaptive immune response, including adaptive T-regulatory cell induction and immune response induction. Methods of determining cellular and humoral immune response to biological agents are identified and examined. Assays to detect antidrug antibodies and their isotypes can assist in monitoring immunogenicity and in preventing adverse events. Such strategies also enable resource conservation and may provide regulatory authorities with new insights that can be useful during the process of approving new biological or biosimilar agents.

© The Author(s) 2016.

Keywords: Adaptive response; antidrug antibodies; biologicals; humoral response; immune response; immunogenicity; tolerance

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