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Bolloni C, Panella R, Pedetti M, et al. Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cocaine Intake: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry. 2016;7:133doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00133.
Bolloni, C., Panella, R., Pedetti, M., Frascella, A. G., Gambelunghe, C., Piccoli, T., Maniaci, G., Brancato, A., Cannizzaro, C., & Diana, M. (2016). Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cocaine Intake: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 7133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00133
Bolloni, Corinna, et al. "Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cocaine Intake: A Pilot Study." Frontiers in psychiatry vol. 7 (2016): 133. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00133
Bolloni C, Panella R, Pedetti M, Frascella AG, Gambelunghe C, Piccoli T, Maniaci G, Brancato A, Cannizzaro C, Diana M. Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cocaine Intake: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 08;7:133. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00133. eCollection 2016. PMID: 27551268; PMCID: PMC4976094.
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Front Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 08;7:133. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00133. eCollection 2016.

Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Cocaine Intake: A Pilot Study.

Frontiers in psychiatry

Corinna Bolloni, Riccardo Panella, Mariano Pedetti, Anna Grazia Frascella, Cristiana Gambelunghe, Tommaso Piccoli, Giuseppe Maniaci, Anna Brancato, Carla Cannizzaro, Marco Diana

Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
  2. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience 'G. Minardi', University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.
  3. Ser.T, 'Health's House n.1', A.S.L. No. 1 Umbria , Perugia , Italy.
  4. Legal Medicine, Forensic Science and Sports Medicine Section, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Science, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy.
  5. Department of Health Promotion and Maternal Care 'G. D'Alessandro' University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.
  6. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience 'G. Minardi', Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy.

PMID: 27551268 PMCID: PMC4976094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00133

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic cocaine consumption is associated with a decrease in mesolimbic dopamine transmission that maintains drug intake. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is gaining reliability, a useful therapeutic tool in drug addiction, since it can modulate cortico-limbic activity resulting in reduction of drug craving.

AIMS: In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of bilateral TMS of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in reducing cocaine intake, in a sample of treatment-seeking patients with current cocaine use disorder (DSM-V).

METHODS: Ten cocaine addicts (DSM-V) were randomly assigned to the active or sham stimulation protocol in a double-blind experimental design. Twelve repetitive TMS (rTMS) sessions were administered three times a week for 4 weeks at 100% of motor threshold, over bilateral PFC. Cocaine intake (ng/mg) was assessed by hair analysis at baseline (before treatment, T0), after 1 month (end of treatment, T1), 3 (T2), and 6 (T3) months later. All subjects received psychological support weekly.

RESULTS: The two-way ANOVA for repeated measures did not show a significant effect of the interaction between time and treatment (F 4,32 = 0.35; p = 0.87). Despite that result indicated no difference in the effect of the two conditions (active vs. sham) along time, a decreasing trend in cocaine consumption in active TMS group (F 3,23 = 3.42; p = 0.04) vs. sham (F 3,15 = 1.88; p = 0.20) was observed when we performed exploratory analysis with time as factor. Indeed, Post hoc comparisons showed a significant reduction in the amount of cocaine detected from the onset to 3 months later (T0-T2; p = 0.02) and to the end of treatment (T0-T3; p = 0.01) in addicts from the active group.

CONCLUSION: Bilateral rTMS of PFC at 10 Hz did not show a significant effect on cocaine intake compared to sham. However, a long-term reduction on cocaine intake in active TMS-treated patients was observed when we considered the time as factor. Further studies are required to confirm these encouraging but preliminary findings, in order to consolidate rTMS as a valid tool to treat cocaine addiction.

Keywords: PFC; cocaine use disorder; dopamine; rTMS

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