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Annamalai A, Wisdom L, Herada M, et al. Management of refractory ascites in cirrhosis: Are we out of date?. World J Hepatol. 2016;8(28):1182-1193doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1182.
Annamalai, A., Wisdom, L., Herada, M., Nourredin, M., Ayoub, W., Sundaram, V., Klein, A., & Nissen, N. (2016). Management of refractory ascites in cirrhosis: Are we out of date?. World journal of hepatology, 8(28), 1182-1193. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1182
Annamalai, Alagappan, et al. "Management of refractory ascites in cirrhosis: Are we out of date?." World journal of hepatology vol. 8,28 (2016): 1182-1193. doi: https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1182
Annamalai A, Wisdom L, Herada M, Nourredin M, Ayoub W, Sundaram V, Klein A, Nissen N. Management of refractory ascites in cirrhosis: Are we out of date?. World J Hepatol. 2016 Oct 08;8(28):1182-1193. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1182. PMID: 27729954; PMCID: PMC5055587.
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World J Hepatol. 2016 Oct 08;8(28):1182-1193. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1182.

Management of refractory ascites in cirrhosis: Are we out of date?.

World journal of hepatology

Alagappan Annamalai, Lauren Wisdom, Megan Herada, Mazen Nourredin, Walid Ayoub, Vinay Sundaram, Andrew Klein, Nicholas Nissen

Affiliations

  1. Alagappan Annamalai, Lauren Wisdom, Megan Herada, Mazen Nourredin, Walid Ayoub, Vinay Sundaram, Andrew Klein, Nicholas Nissen, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States.

PMID: 27729954 PMCID: PMC5055587 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i28.1182

Abstract

Cirrhosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with liver transplantations as it only possible cure. In the face of a significant organ shortage many patients die waiting. A major complication of cirrhosis is the development of portal hypertension and ascites. The management of ascites has barely evolved over the last hundred years and includes only a few milestones in our treatment approach, but has overall significantly improved patient morbidity and survival. Our mainstay to ascites management includes changes in diet, diuretics, shunt procedures, and large volume paracentesis. The understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis and portal hypertension has significantly improved in the last couple of decades but the changes in ascites management have not seemed to mirror this newer knowledge. We herein review the history of ascites management and discuss some its current limitations.

Keywords: Ascites; Cirrhosis; Paracentesis; Portal hypertension; Transhepatic portosystemic shunts

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest. No financial support.

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