Display options
Cite
Zucker EJ, Ganguli S, Ghoshhajra BB, et al. Imaging of venous compression syndromes. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016;6(6):519-532doi: 10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19.
Zucker, E. J., Ganguli, S., Ghoshhajra, B. B., Gupta, R., & Prabhakar, A. M. (2016). Imaging of venous compression syndromes. Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 6(6), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19
Zucker, Evan J, et al. "Imaging of venous compression syndromes." Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy vol. 6,6 (2016): 519-532. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19
Zucker EJ, Ganguli S, Ghoshhajra BB, Gupta R, Prabhakar AM. Imaging of venous compression syndromes. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016 Dec;6(6):519-532. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19. PMID: 28123973; PMCID: PMC5220205.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016 Dec;6(6):519-532. doi: 10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19.

Imaging of venous compression syndromes.

Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy

Evan J Zucker, Suvranu Ganguli, Brian B Ghoshhajra, Rajiv Gupta, Anand M Prabhakar

Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
  2. Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
  3. Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
  4. Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

PMID: 28123973 PMCID: PMC5220205 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2016.11.19

Abstract

Venous compression syndromes are a unique group of disorders characterized by anatomical extrinsic venous compression, typically in young and otherwise healthy individuals. While uncommon, they may cause serious complications including pain, swelling, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and post-thrombotic syndrome. The major disease entities are May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), variant iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS)/Paget-Schroetter syndrome, nutcracker syndrome (NCS), and popliteal venous compression (PVC). In this article, we review the key clinical features, multimodality imaging findings, and treatment options of these disorders. Emphasis is placed on the growing role of noninvasive imaging options such as magnetic resonance venography (MRV) in facilitating early and accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention.

Keywords: May-Thurner syndrome (MTS); Venous compression; magnetic resonance venography (MRV); nutcracker syndrome (NCS); thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

References

  1. Radiology. 1996 Jan;198(1):93-7 - PubMed
  2. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016 Feb 6;:null - PubMed
  3. Occup Med (Lond). 2015 Jun;65(4):337-9 - PubMed
  4. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2002 Jan;24(1):33-5 - PubMed
  5. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016 Jan;4(1):114-8 - PubMed
  6. Clin Anat. 2014 Jul;27(5):724-32 - PubMed
  7. J Vasc Surg. 1999 Apr;29(4):724-6 - PubMed
  8. Cardiovasc Surg. 2002 Jun;10(3):291-2 - PubMed
  9. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Nov;199(5):W638-45 - PubMed
  10. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009 Feb;37(2):213-20 - PubMed
  11. J Vasc Surg. 2012 Jan;55(1):252-262.e30 - PubMed
  12. Urology. 2003 Feb;61(2):462 - PubMed
  13. J Vasc Surg. 2011 Dec;54(6):1821-9 - PubMed
  14. Eur J Radiol. 2005 Sep;55(3):421-5 - PubMed
  15. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015 Jan;29(1):63-8 - PubMed
  16. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2010 Oct;33(5):1060-3 - PubMed
  17. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014 Jan;47(1):68-74 - PubMed
  18. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2011 Feb;34 Suppl 2:S12-6 - PubMed
  19. J Med Case Rep. 2016 Jun 10;10 :171 - PubMed
  20. Semin Vasc Surg. 2013 Dec;26(4):170-7 - PubMed
  21. Angiology. 1957 Oct;8(5):419-27 - PubMed
  22. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Mar;22(3):409-13 - PubMed
  23. Wiad Lek. 2000;53(7-8):458-61 - PubMed
  24. J Endovasc Surg. 1998 May;5(2):142-5 - PubMed
  25. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014 Jul;203(1):29-36 - PubMed
  26. Case Rep Vasc Med. 2015;2015:723182 - PubMed
  27. Spinal Cord. 2001 Jul;39(7):394-8 - PubMed
  28. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015 May;12(5):438-43 - PubMed
  29. Vasc Med. 2008 Feb;13(1):37-9 - PubMed
  30. World J Radiol. 2015 Nov 28;7(11):375-81 - PubMed
  31. West J Emerg Med. 2014 Jul;15(4):364-5 - PubMed
  32. Vasc Med. 2015 Apr;20(2):182-9 - PubMed
  33. Magn Reson Med. 2016 May;75(5):2107-11 - PubMed
  34. J Med Case Rep. 2016 Mar 18;10 :63 - PubMed
  35. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2016 Nov - Dec;45(6):370-372 - PubMed
  36. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Apr;31(4):631-41 - PubMed
  37. Radiology. 2004 Nov;233(2):361-5 - PubMed
  38. Eur Radiol. 2005 Aug;15(8):1745-51 - PubMed
  39. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2016 Oct;41(10):2026-30 - PubMed
  40. Radiographics. 2012 Jan-Feb;32(1):E33-49 - PubMed
  41. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2010 Oct;33(5):1056-9 - PubMed
  42. Surg Radiol Anat. 2013 Apr;35(3):263-7 - PubMed
  43. Ann Vasc Surg. 1993 Nov;7(6):577-81 - PubMed
  44. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Oct;27(10):3333-5 - PubMed
  45. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Jun;45(6):831-9 - PubMed
  46. Clin Chest Med. 2008 Mar;29(1):107-16, vi - PubMed
  47. Clin Imaging. 2014 Jul-Aug;38(4):510-4 - PubMed
  48. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010 Sep;195(3):751-7 - PubMed
  49. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2013 Jan-Feb;19(1):44-8 - PubMed
  50. Radiographics. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6):1735-50 - PubMed
  51. J R Army Med Corps. 2016 Aug;162(4):299-301 - PubMed
  52. J Ultrasound Med. 2001 Mar;20(3):251-6 - PubMed
  53. Clin Radiol. 2016 Aug;71(8):796-806 - PubMed
  54. Acta Radiol. 2013 Mar 1;54(2):144-8 - PubMed
  55. Ann Vasc Surg. 2011 Nov;25(8):1154-64 - PubMed
  56. Ann Vasc Surg. 2013 Oct;27(7):984-95 - PubMed
  57. Br J Radiol. 2013 Oct;86(1030):20130284 - PubMed
  58. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Jun;85(6):552-9 - PubMed
  59. South Med J. 1995 Sep;88(9):959-60 - PubMed
  60. J Vasc Surg. 2004 May;39(5):937-43 - PubMed
  61. Cleve Clin J Med. 2015 Oct;82(10 ):658-9 - PubMed
  62. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2013 May-Jun;37(3):415-8 - PubMed
  63. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jan;95(4):e2541 - PubMed
  64. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2014 Jul-Aug;15(5):305-7 - PubMed
  65. BMJ Case Rep. 2015 Oct 01;2015:null - PubMed
  66. Radiographics. 2014 Jan-Feb;34(1):93-115 - PubMed
  67. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Mar;14(3):387-90 - PubMed

Publication Types