Display options
Cite
Pirnia B, Tabatabaei SK, Tavallaii A, et al. The Efficacy of Contingency Management on Cocaine Craving, using Prize-based Reinforcement of Abstinence in Cocaine Users. Electron Physician. 2016;8(11):3214-3221doi: 10.19082/3214.
Pirnia, B., Tabatabaei, S. K., Tavallaii, A., Soleimani, A. A., & Pirnia, K. (2016). The Efficacy of Contingency Management on Cocaine Craving, using Prize-based Reinforcement of Abstinence in Cocaine Users. Electronic physician, 8(11), 3214-3221. https://doi.org/10.19082/3214
Pirnia, Bijan, et al. "The Efficacy of Contingency Management on Cocaine Craving, using Prize-based Reinforcement of Abstinence in Cocaine Users." Electronic physician vol. 8,11 (2016): 3214-3221. doi: https://doi.org/10.19082/3214
Pirnia B, Tabatabaei SK, Tavallaii A, Soleimani AA, Pirnia K. The Efficacy of Contingency Management on Cocaine Craving, using Prize-based Reinforcement of Abstinence in Cocaine Users. Electron Physician. 2016 Nov 25;8(11):3214-3221. doi: 10.19082/3214. eCollection 2016 Nov. PMID: 28070254; PMCID: PMC5217813.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Electron Physician. 2016 Nov 25;8(11):3214-3221. doi: 10.19082/3214. eCollection 2016 Nov.

The Efficacy of Contingency Management on Cocaine Craving, using Prize-based Reinforcement of Abstinence in Cocaine Users.

Electronic physician

Bijan Pirnia, Seyed Kazem Rasoulzadeh Tabatabaei, Abbas Tavallaii, Ali Akbar Soleimani, Kambiz Pirnia

Affiliations

  1. PhD. Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
  2. Ph.D. of Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
  3. M.D., Psychiatric, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Behavioral Research Center, Baqyiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  4. Ph.D. of Psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
  5. M.D., Internist, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 28070254 PMCID: PMC5217813 DOI: 10.19082/3214

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Contingency management (CM) is one of the most common therapies in the domain of drug addiction. This study has been carried out with the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of contingency management intervention.

METHOD: In an experimental design, between December 15, 2014 and November 20, 2015, fifty men (between 18 and 31 with an average age of 24.6) with a history of cocaine use, were selected voluntarily and were randomly assigned into two groups of CM and control group. The CM group were awarded coupons for negative urine tests, over a period of twelve weeks. The urine tests were taken from the participants twice per week, with cutoff concentrations for positive set at 300 ng/ml and self-reporting index of cocaine craving (response rate = 96%) were evaluated in two phase, through pretest and posttest measures. The data were analyzed by parametric covariance test. Additionally, the qualitative data, resulted from demographic measures, were coded and were analyzed with the help of an analysis instrument of qualitative data i.e. ATLAS.ti-5.2.

RESULTS: The primary outcome was the number of negative urine tests and the secondary outcome included the cocaine usage craving index over twelve weeks. The mean of (95% of confidence) number of negative cocaine urine tests was 15.4 (13.1-17.8) in the CM group and 19.7 (17.7-21.6) in the control group (P = 0.049). Also, results showed that CM has a significant effect on reducing craving (p<0.01).

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study, while having practical aspects in this domain, can be valuable in planning remedial procedures.

Keywords: Behavioral therapy; Contingency Management (CM); Craving; Psychotherapy; Token economy

Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest to be declared.

References

  1. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 23;8:272 - PubMed
  2. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Aug;58(8):755-61 - PubMed
  3. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Sep;10(9):1495-501 - PubMed
  4. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014 Aug;47(2):168-74 - PubMed
  5. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Jul 27;83(3):233-7 - PubMed
  6. Compr Psychiatry. 2009 Jan-Feb;50(1):86-91 - PubMed
  7. Addiction. 2006 Nov;101(11):1546-60 - PubMed
  8. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2002 Sep;23(2):145-50 - PubMed
  9. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Feb;9(1):33-4; discussion 35-9 - PubMed
  10. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Jul;51(7):568-76 - PubMed
  11. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993 Dec;34(1):19-28 - PubMed
  12. J Stud Alcohol. 2001 Jan;62(1):14-22 - PubMed
  13. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Aug 1;153:293-9 - PubMed
  14. BMC Public Health. 2006 Aug 18;6:214 - PubMed
  15. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002 Jan 1;65(2):179-89 - PubMed
  16. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;163(11):1993-9 - PubMed
  17. N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 12;360(7):699-709 - PubMed
  18. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Aug;8(3):371-6 - PubMed
  19. Addiction. 2006 Feb;101(2):192-203 - PubMed
  20. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1986 Jul;17(4):311-22 - PubMed
  21. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2006 Nov;Suppl 3:377-83 - PubMed
  22. Addiction. 2007 Sep;102(9):1463-71 - PubMed
  23. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Feb;10(1):54-63 - PubMed
  24. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Apr;68(2):250-7 - PubMed
  25. J Appl Behav Anal. 2008 Winter;41(4):551-63 - PubMed
  26. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Nov;8(4):509-17 - PubMed
  27. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;83(4):644-7 - PubMed
  28. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Oct 1;132(3):639-45 - PubMed
  29. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2001 Jan;20(1):33-44 - PubMed
  30. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2012 Feb;25(1):33-41 - PubMed
  31. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Feb 1;58(1-2):55-66 - PubMed
  32. JAMA. 2008 Dec 10;300(22):2631-7 - PubMed
  33. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Aug;16(4):275-81 - PubMed
  34. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000 Dec;68(6):1051-61 - PubMed
  35. J Appl Behav Anal. 1986 Summer;19(2):197-202 - PubMed
  36. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999 Apr 1;54(2):127-35 - PubMed
  37. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Feb;63(2):201-8 - PubMed
  38. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Aug;10(3):228-40 - PubMed
  39. Addict Behav. 1979;4(3):245-52 - PubMed

Publication Types