Display options
Cite
Grimm MO, Mett J, Grimm HS, et al. APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017;10:63doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063.
Grimm, M. O., Mett, J., Grimm, H. S., & Hartmann, T. (2017). APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 1063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063
Grimm, Marcus O W, et al. "APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link." Frontiers in molecular neuroscience vol. 10 (2017): 63. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063
Grimm MO, Mett J, Grimm HS, Hartmann T. APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link. Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Mar 10;10:63. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063. eCollection 2017. PMID: 28344547; PMCID: PMC5344993.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Front Mol Neurosci. 2017 Mar 10;10:63. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063. eCollection 2017.

APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience

Marcus O W Grimm, Janine Mett, Heike S Grimm, Tobias Hartmann

Affiliations

  1. Experimental Neurology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany; Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany; Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany.
  2. Experimental Neurology, Saarland University Homburg/Saar, Germany.

PMID: 28344547 PMCID: PMC5344993 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063

Abstract

Extracellular neuritic plaques, composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, are one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. One of the most prominent risk factor for sporadic AD, carrying one or two aberrant copies of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 alleles, closely links AD to lipids. Further, several lipid classes and fatty acids have been reported to be changed in the brain of AD-affected individuals. Interestingly, the observed lipid changes in the brain seem not only to be a consequence of the disease but also modulate Aβ generation. In line with these observations, protective lipids being able to decrease Aβ generation and also potential negative lipids in respect to AD were identified. Mechanistically, Aβ peptides are generated by sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. The α-secretase appears to compete with β-secretase for the initial cleavage of APP, preventing Aβ production. All APP-cleaving secretases as well as APP are transmembrane proteins, further illustrating the impact of lipids on Aβ generation. Beside the pathological impact of Aβ, accumulating evidence suggests that Aβ and the APP intracellular domain (AICD) play an important role in regulating lipid homeostasis, either by direct effects or by affecting gene expression or protein stability of enzymes involved in the

Keywords: AICD; APP processing; Abeta cholesterol; PUFA; gangliosides; lipids; sphingolipids; sulfatides

References

  1. Neurochem Res. 2007 Apr-May;32(4-5):845-56 - PubMed
  2. J Med Chem. 2008 Jan 24;51(2):219-37 - PubMed
  3. Biochem Cell Biol. 2016 Dec;94(6):534-542 - PubMed
  4. Brain Res. 1995 May 8;679(1):151-6 - PubMed
  5. J Neurochem. 2005 Jan;92(1):171-82 - PubMed
  6. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 23;284(4):2482-92 - PubMed
  7. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jul;90(1):184-92 - PubMed
  8. Neuroscience. 2005;130(3):657-66 - PubMed
  9. J Neurochem. 1997 May;68(5):2092-7 - PubMed
  10. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jun 15;287(25):21326-34 - PubMed
  11. Neurol Croat. 1991;40(4):269-81 - PubMed
  12. Nature. 2014 May 22;509(7501):503-6 - PubMed
  13. J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 22;286(16):14028-39 - PubMed
  14. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Sep-Oct;45(5):559-79 - PubMed
  15. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 16;9(10):e108919 - PubMed
  16. J Chromatogr A. 2011 Oct 21;1218(42):7713-22 - PubMed
  17. Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Mar;29(3):422-37 - PubMed
  18. Arch Neurol. 2003 Feb;60(2):194-200 - PubMed
  19. J Biol Chem. 1981 Sep 10;256(17):9077-83 - PubMed
  20. J Alzheimers Dis. 2000 Nov;2(3-4):289-301 - PubMed
  21. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Apr;59(4):861-8 - PubMed
  22. Neurochem Int. 2011 Feb;58(3):321-9 - PubMed
  23. J Neurosci. 2003 Jan 1;23(1):29-33 - PubMed
  24. Biochemistry. 1999 Jul 27;38(30):9728-34 - PubMed
  25. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 1;90(5):1977-81 - PubMed
  26. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;32(3):521-30 - PubMed
  27. Neurobiol Dis. 2000 Aug;7(4):321-31 - PubMed
  28. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;34(1):92-110 - PubMed
  29. J Neurosci. 2014 Oct 8;34(41):13790-800 - PubMed
  30. J Biochem. 2015 May;157(5):301-9 - PubMed
  31. Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Nov;7(11):1118-23 - PubMed
  32. Nat Cell Biol. 2003 May;5(5):486-8 - PubMed
  33. Ann Neurol. 1993 Feb;33(2):190-9 - PubMed
  34. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 31;283(44):29615-9 - PubMed
  35. J Neurosci. 2004 May 19;24(20):4894-902 - PubMed
  36. Int Psychogeriatr. 1996 Fall;8(3):365-72 - PubMed
  37. J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 12;272(37):22987-90 - PubMed
  38. J Mol Biol. 2007 Aug 10;371(2):481-9 - PubMed
  39. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012 Jul;119(7):759-62 - PubMed
  40. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):6448-53 - PubMed
  41. Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):184-5 - PubMed
  42. Nature. 1995 Jun 29;375(6534):754-60 - PubMed
  43. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 May;12(5):284-96 - PubMed
  44. Science. 2002 Jul 19;297(5580):353-6 - PubMed
  45. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 26;281(21):14776-86 - PubMed
  46. J Cell Sci. 2004 Sep 1;117(Pt 19):4435-48 - PubMed
  47. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34095 - PubMed
  48. Arch Neurol. 2006 Oct;63(10):1402-8 - PubMed
  49. J Neurochem. 2008 Aug;106(3):1275-86 - PubMed
  50. Ann Neurol. 2012 Jul;72(1):124-34 - PubMed
  51. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Aug;1801(8):750-3 - PubMed
  52. Br J Nutr. 2003 Apr;89(4):483-9 - PubMed
  53. Neurosci Lett. 2012 May 16;516(2):302-5 - PubMed
  54. J Mol Neurosci. 1998 Dec;11(3):183-97 - PubMed
  55. Neurochem Res. 2008 Aug;33(8):1509-17 - PubMed
  56. Int J Dev Biol. 1991 Sep;35(3):289-95 - PubMed
  57. J Lipid Res. 2001 Aug;42(8):1257-65 - PubMed
  58. Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Apr;30(4):591-9 - PubMed
  59. J Neurosci. 2011 May 4;31(18):6850-7 - PubMed
  60. Neuroscience. 2009 Mar 3;159(1):296-307 - PubMed
  61. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Mar;31(3):398-408 - PubMed
  62. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep;1822(9):1442-52 - PubMed
  63. FEBS Lett. 2010 May 3;584(9):1748-59 - PubMed
  64. J Cell Biol. 2003 Jan 6;160(1):113-23 - PubMed
  65. Neurobiol Aging. 1998 Sep-Oct;19(5):371-7 - PubMed
  66. J Neurosci Res. 2002 May 1;68(3):323-30 - PubMed
  67. J Neurochem. 2001 May;77(4):1168-80 - PubMed
  68. Neurobiol Dis. 2001 Oct;8(5):890-9 - PubMed
  69. N Engl J Med. 1990 Aug 16;323(7):439-45 - PubMed
  70. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49 Suppl 1:237-43 - PubMed
  71. J Neurosci. 2005 Mar 23;25(12):3032-40 - PubMed
  72. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Apr 1;50(7):892-8 - PubMed
  73. J Lipid Res. 2004 Aug;45(8):1375-97 - PubMed
  74. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 May 16;120(3):885-90 - PubMed
  75. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4913-7 - PubMed
  76. Neurology. 2004 Jun 8;62(11):1977-83 - PubMed
  77. Nature. 1992 Jun 11;357(6378):500-3 - PubMed
  78. Nat Med. 2008 Aug;14(8):837-42 - PubMed
  79. J Neurochem. 2002 Jun;81(5):1084-91 - PubMed
  80. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 1;269(26):17386-9 - PubMed
  81. Ann Neurol. 1997 Nov;42(5):776-82 - PubMed
  82. Neurochem Int. 2009 Dec;55(7):476-82 - PubMed
  83. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2004 Apr;70(4):361-72 - PubMed
  84. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 8;98 (10 ):5815-20 - PubMed
  85. Neurobiol Dis. 2006 Jul;23 (1):178-89 - PubMed
  86. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 4;280(44):36815-23 - PubMed
  87. Neurology. 2008 May 6;70(19 Pt 2):1795-802 - PubMed
  88. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013;35(4):697-713 - PubMed
  89. Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1124-6 - PubMed
  90. Neurobiol Aging. 2001 Sep-Oct;22(5):747-54 - PubMed
  91. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):4245-9 - PubMed
  92. Metabolism. 2005 Feb;54(2):240-6 - PubMed
  93. Brain Res. 1995 Nov 6;698(1-2):223-6 - PubMed
  94. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;27(5):481-90 - PubMed
  95. Lipids. 2010 Aug;45(8):669-81 - PubMed
  96. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;9(10):946-52 - PubMed
  97. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(4):1295-310 - PubMed
  98. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 7;278(10):8043-51 - PubMed
  99. BMC Cell Biol. 2005 Aug 11;6:30 - PubMed
  100. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;24(3):507-17 - PubMed
  101. Sci Transl Med. 2011 Jun 29;3(89):89ra57 - PubMed
  102. Arch Neurol. 2005 Jul;62(7):1047-51 - PubMed
  103. Brain Res. 2009 Nov 3;1296:203-15 - PubMed
  104. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;317:857-68 - PubMed
  105. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 May;59(5):837-43 - PubMed
  106. Cell. 1992 Feb 7;68(3):533-44 - PubMed
  107. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 15;278(33):31261-8 - PubMed
  108. Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):115-20 - PubMed
  109. Neuron. 2004 Sep 2;43(5):633-45 - PubMed
  110. J Lipid Res. 2007 Nov;48(11):2485-98 - PubMed
  111. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3;279(49):51451-9 - PubMed
  112. Acta Biochim Pol. 1998;45(2):287-97 - PubMed
  113. Neurology. 2002 Dec 24;59(12):1915-21 - PubMed
  114. Arch Neurol. 2006 Aug;63(8):1085-8 - PubMed
  115. Neurobiol Aging. 1998 Jan-Feb;19(1):33-6 - PubMed
  116. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:141240 - PubMed
  117. Neuroscience. 2007 Oct 26;149(2):286-302 - PubMed
  118. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 20;287(4):2678-88 - PubMed
  119. J Immunol. 2004 Sep 15;173(6):3783-90 - PubMed
  120. Neurobiol Dis. 2003 Nov;14(2):194-204 - PubMed
  121. Nat Med. 1998 Jun;4(6):730-4 - PubMed
  122. JAMA. 2010 Nov 3;304(17):1903-11 - PubMed
  123. Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Nov;30(11):1777-91 - PubMed
  124. Neurology. 2011 Sep 13;77(11):1068-75 - PubMed
  125. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1990 Dec;29(4):284-94 - PubMed
  126. Nat Med. 1995 Oct;1(10):1062-6 - PubMed
  127. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 08;(7):CD007514 - PubMed
  128. J Lipid Res. 2010 Mar;51(3):598-605 - PubMed
  129. Physiol Behav. 2010 Mar 3;99(3):334-42 - PubMed
  130. Clin Interv Aging. 2010 Apr 07;5:45-61 - PubMed
  131. Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):970-3 - PubMed
  132. Neurology. 1999 Jul 22;53(2):321-31 - PubMed
  133. J Neurochem. 2011 Jun;117(5):779-96 - PubMed
  134. Am J Pathol. 1994 Jul;145(1):42-7 - PubMed
  135. Nature. 1996 Jun 27;381(6585):800-3 - PubMed
  136. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Jul;31(7):1188-96 - PubMed
  137. J Oleo Sci. 2011;60(10):537-44 - PubMed
  138. Lipids. 1991 Jun;26(6):421-5 - PubMed
  139. FEBS Lett. 1998 Mar 20;425(1):61-5 - PubMed
  140. Nat Med. 2014 Apr;20(4):415-8 - PubMed
  141. J Neurochem. 2011 Mar;116(5):916-25 - PubMed
  142. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Jan 16;449(3):164-7 - PubMed
  143. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 6;98(23):13072-7 - PubMed
  144. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Dec 30;1738(1-3):91-8 - PubMed
  145. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Aug;1801(8):846-52 - PubMed
  146. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 25;283(17):11302-11 - PubMed
  147. J Neurosci. 2007 Apr 18;27(16):4385-95 - PubMed
  148. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Oct 01;2(10 ):null - PubMed
  149. J Neurochem. 2013 Dec;127(6):733-8 - PubMed
  150. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(3):537-47 - PubMed
  151. J Neurosci. 2005 Jan 12;25(2):436-45 - PubMed
  152. Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):735-41 - PubMed
  153. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;28(1):75-80 - PubMed
  154. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Nov 8;1585(1):39-43 - PubMed
  155. Biochemistry. 2004 Oct 26;43(42):13532-40 - PubMed
  156. Neurobiol Dis. 2006 Sep;23(3):573-7 - PubMed
  157. J Nutr. 1992 Aug;122(8):1656-61 - PubMed
  158. Neurobiol Aging. 2003 Sep;24(5):637-43 - PubMed
  159. Nature. 1994 Nov 3;372(6501):45-6 - PubMed
  160. J Neurosci Res. 2010 Jul;88(9):1985-94 - PubMed
  161. Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Feb;47(1):37-63 - PubMed
  162. Neurochem Res. 2001 Jul;26(7):771-82 - PubMed
  163. Cell. 2000 Feb 18;100(4):391-8 - PubMed
  164. Arch Neurol. 2000 Oct;57(10):1439-43 - PubMed
  165. J Nutr Health Aging. 2015 Jun;19(6):646-56 - PubMed
  166. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 30;278(22):19777-83 - PubMed
  167. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Sep;10(9):819-28 - PubMed
  168. Lipids. 1996 Jul;31(7):671-701 - PubMed
  169. J Neurosci. 1996 Jul 15;16(14):4491-500 - PubMed
  170. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 Jan;80(1):13-7 - PubMed
  171. Ann Neurol. 2003 Jul;54(1):115-9 - PubMed
  172. BMJ. 2002 Oct 26;325(7370):932-3 - PubMed
  173. J Neurochem. 2002 Aug;82(4):809-18 - PubMed
  174. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Mar;2(3):a006312 - PubMed
  175. Neurology. 2011 Aug 9;77(6):556-63 - PubMed
  176. Behav Brain Res. 2012 Jan 15;226(2):504-10 - PubMed
  177. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;2011:695413 - PubMed
  178. Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Jun;41(2-3):97-106 - PubMed
  179. Arch Neurol. 2003 Jul;60(7):940-6 - PubMed
  180. Exp Neurol. 1994 Mar;126(1):88-94 - PubMed
  181. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):6460-4 - PubMed
  182. J Neurochem. 2009 Dec;111(6):1275-308 - PubMed
  183. Neurosci Res. 2006 Oct;56(2):159-64 - PubMed
  184. J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Oct;23 (10 ):1214-23 - PubMed
  185. Am J Pathol. 2005 May;166(5):1283-9 - PubMed
  186. Physiol Rev. 2010 Apr;90(2):465-94 - PubMed
  187. FEBS Lett. 2004 Feb 13;559(1-3):96-8 - PubMed
  188. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013 Dec 23;5:98 - PubMed
  189. Steroids. 2009 Jan;74(1):13-9 - PubMed
  190. Nat Genet. 1994 Jun;7(2):180-4 - PubMed
  191. Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Jul 31;7(9):602-9 - PubMed
  192. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012 Jan;2(1):298-303 - PubMed
  193. Neuromolecular Med. 2011 Dec;13(4):223-50 - PubMed
  194. Nature. 2006 Mar 16;440(7082):352-7 - PubMed
  195. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Oct 29;17 (11): - PubMed
  196. J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 15;283(33):22529-40 - PubMed
  197. J Nutr. 2005 Mar;135(3):549-55 - PubMed
  198. Lipids. 2000 Dec;35(12):1305-12 - PubMed
  199. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Oct 1;160(1):23-30 - PubMed
  200. BMC Med. 2007 Jul 19;5:20 - PubMed
  201. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Aug 1;32(6):1538-44 - PubMed
  202. Front Physiol. 2012 Jun 22;3:189 - PubMed
  203. Biochemistry. 1993 May 11;32(18):4693-7 - PubMed
  204. J Cell Biol. 2004 Jan 5;164(1):123-31 - PubMed
  205. Biochemistry. 2012 May 1;51(17):3565-75 - PubMed
  206. Nature. 1987 Feb 19-25;325(6106):733-6 - PubMed
  207. Diabetes Care. 2009 Apr;32(4):635-40 - PubMed
  208. J Lipid Res. 1999 Nov;40(11):1998-2003 - PubMed
  209. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Jun;10(3 Suppl):S196-212 - PubMed
  210. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):36076-84 - PubMed
  211. Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Dec;20(12):3489-97 - PubMed
  212. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):3922-7 - PubMed
  213. Nat Neurosci. 2008 Nov;11(11):1311-8 - PubMed
  214. Neurology. 2012 Aug 14;79(7):633-41 - PubMed
  215. Nature. 1994 Nov 3;372(6501):92-4 - PubMed
  216. J Neurochem. 1994 Mar;62(3):1039-47 - PubMed
  217. J Biol Chem. 1986 May 5;261(13):6084-9 - PubMed
  218. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1996 Jan 17;777:139-45 - PubMed
  219. J Neurol Sci. 2012 Nov 15;322(1-2):59-63 - PubMed
  220. Prog Lipid Res. 2001 Jan-Mar;40(1-2):1-94 - PubMed
  221. Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):921-3 - PubMed
  222. Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;72(2):341-9 - PubMed
  223. Neuron. 1994 Jul;13(1):45-53 - PubMed
  224. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50 - PubMed
  225. BMJ. 1994 Sep 10;309(6955):636-8 - PubMed
  226. Mol Neurobiol. 2014 Aug;50(1):26-37 - PubMed
  227. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015 May 19;7:77 - PubMed
  228. Neurology. 2003 Jul 22;61(2):199-205 - PubMed
  229. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Aug 6;137(3):149-55 - PubMed
  230. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 22;279(43):44945-54 - PubMed
  231. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 28;278(9):6803-8 - PubMed
  232. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Apr 23;6:71 - PubMed
  233. Neurosci Res. 1993 Jul;17(2):171-6 - PubMed
  234. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Feb;25(2):157-69 - PubMed
  235. J Neurosci Res. 2010 Apr;88(5):1026-40 - PubMed
  236. EMBO J. 2010 Sep 1;29(17 ):3020-32 - PubMed
  237. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 27;100(11):6382-7 - PubMed
  238. Neurodegener Dis. 2016;16(1-2):44-54 - PubMed
  239. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006 Sep;75(3):135-44 - PubMed
  240. Biochemistry. 2004 May 25;43(20):6344-51 - PubMed
  241. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2011 Jul-Sep;5(3):161-4 - PubMed
  242. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 17;101(7):2070-5 - PubMed
  243. Exp Brain Res. 2012 Apr;217(3-4):365-75 - PubMed
  244. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 29;280(30):28110-7 - PubMed
  245. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Mar 25;328(4):1019-23 - PubMed
  246. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Sep;64(17):2270-84 - PubMed
  247. Curr Biol. 2001 Aug 21;11(16):1288-93 - PubMed
  248. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(2):259-69 - PubMed
  249. J Clin Invest. 2008 Dec;118(12):4002-13 - PubMed
  250. Neurology. 2010 Mar 23;74(12):956-64 - PubMed
  251. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 8;98(10):5856-61 - PubMed
  252. Neuroepidemiology. 2007;29(1-2):125-32 - PubMed
  253. J Neurochem. 2009 Oct;111(2):568-79 - PubMed
  254. Aging Cell. 2011 Aug;10(4):595-603 - PubMed
  255. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jun 13;289(24):16761-72 - PubMed
  256. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Feb;71(2):195-200 - PubMed
  257. Neurology. 2004 May 11;62(9):1573-9 - PubMed

Publication Types