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Evans KM, Waltz B, Tagliacollo V, et al. Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes. Ecol Evol. 2017;7(6):1783-1801doi: 10.1002/ece3.2704.
Evans, K. M., Waltz, B., Tagliacollo, V., Chakrabarty, P., & Albert, J. S. (2017). Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes. Ecology and evolution, 7(6), 1783-1801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2704
Evans, Kory M, et al. "Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes." Ecology and evolution vol. 7,6 (2017): 1783-1801. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2704
Evans KM, Waltz B, Tagliacollo V, Chakrabarty P, Albert JS. Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes. Ecol Evol. 2017 Feb 15;7(6):1783-1801. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2704. eCollection 2017 Mar. PMID: 28331588; PMCID: PMC5355199.
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Ecol Evol. 2017 Feb 15;7(6):1783-1801. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2704. eCollection 2017 Mar.

Why the short face? Developmental disintegration of the neurocranium drives convergent evolution in neotropical electric fishes.

Ecology and evolution

Kory M Evans, Brandon Waltz, Victor Tagliacollo, Prosanta Chakrabarty, James S Albert

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette LA USA.
  2. Universidade Federal do Tocantins Programa de Pós-graduação Ciências do Ambiente (CIAMB) Palmas Tocantins 77001-090 Brazil.
  3. Department of Biology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA.

PMID: 28331588 PMCID: PMC5355199 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2704

Abstract

Convergent evolution is widely viewed as strong evidence for the influence of natural selection on the origin of phenotypic design. However, the emerging evo-devo synthesis has highlighted other processes that may bias and direct phenotypic evolution in the presence of environmental and genetic variation. Developmental biases on the production of phenotypic variation may channel the evolution of convergent forms by limiting the range of phenotypes produced during ontogeny. Here, we study the evolution and convergence of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull shapes among 133 species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes: Teleostei) and identify potential developmental biases on phenotypic evolution. We plot the ontogenetic trajectories of neurocranial phenotypes in 17 species and document developmental modularity between the face and braincase regions of the skull. We recover a significant relationship between developmental covariation and relative skull length and a significant relationship between developmental covariation and ontogenetic disparity. We demonstrate that modularity and integration bias the production of phenotypes along the brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull axis and contribute to multiple, independent evolutionary transformations to highly brachycephalic and dolichocephalic skull morphologies.

Keywords: developmental bias; geometric morphometrics; homoplasy; integration; modularity

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