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Sci Adv. 2017 Feb 08;3(2):e1600446. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600446. eCollection 2017 Feb.

State dependence of climatic instability over the past 720,000 years from Antarctic ice cores and climate modeling.

Science advances

Kenji Kawamura, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yutaka Ageta, Shuji Aoki, Nobuhiko Azuma, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Koji Fujita, Shuji Fujita, Kotaro Fukui, Teruo Furukawa, Atsushi Furusaki, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Ralf Greve, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Takeo Hondoh, Akira Hori, Shinichiro Horikawa, Kazuho Horiuchi, Makoto Igarashi, Yoshinori Iizuka, Takao Kameda, Hiroshi Kanda, Mika Kohno, Takayuki Kuramoto, Yuki Matsushi, Morihiro Miyahara, Takayuki Miyake, Atsushi Miyamoto, Yasuo Nagashima, Yoshiki Nakayama, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Fumio Nakazawa, Fumihiko Nishio, Ichio Obinata, Rumi Ohgaito, Akira Oka, Jun'ichi Okuno, Junichi Okuyama, Ikumi Oyabu, Frédéric Parrenin, Frank Pattyn, Fuyuki Saito, Takashi Saito, Takeshi Saito, Toshimitsu Sakurai, Kimikazu Sasa, Hakime Seddik, Yasuyuki Shibata, Kunio Shinbori, Keisuke Suzuki, Toshitaka Suzuki, Akiyoshi Takahashi, Kunio Takahashi, Shuhei Takahashi, Morimasa Takata, Yoichi Tanaka, Ryu Uemura, Genta Watanabe, Okitsugu Watanabe, Tetsuhide Yamasaki, Kotaro Yokoyama, Masakazu Yoshimori, Takayasu Yoshimoto

Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organizations of Information and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.; Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.; Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.
  2. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan.; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showamachi, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
  3. National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organizations of Information and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.; Department of Polar Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.
  4. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
  5. Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
  7. National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organizations of Information and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.
  8. Asahikawa National College of Technology, 2-1-6, 2-jou, Syunkoudai, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 071-8142, Japan.
  9. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan.
  10. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan.
  11. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
  12. Micro Analysis Laboratory, Tandem Accelerator, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
  13. Geo Tecs Co. Ltd., 1-5-14-705 Kanayama, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0022, Japan.
  14. AMS Group, Tandem Accelerator Complex, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
  15. 3D Geoscience Inc., Nogizaka Building, 9-6-41 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
  16. Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
  17. Obinata Clinic, 3-2-1 Terazawa, Gosen, Niigata 959-1837, Japan.
  18. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showamachi, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
  19. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan.
  20. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
  21. Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Faculté des Sciences, CP160/03, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  22. Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
  23. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
  24. Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
  25. Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan.
  26. Geosystems Inc., Oshidate 4-11-20, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0012, Japan.
  27. National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organizations of Information and Systems, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.; Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
  28. Chiken Consultants Co. Ltd., 11-27 Wakitahonmachi, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1123, Japan.
  29. Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan.
  30. Hokuriku Research Center, National Agricultural Research Center, 1-2-1 Inada, Joetsu, Niigata 943-0193, Japan.
  31. Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, and Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
  32. IOK/Kyushu Olympia Kogyo Co. Ltd., Kunitomi-cho, Higashi-morokata-gun, Miyazaki 880-1106, Japan.

PMID: 28246631 PMCID: PMC5298857 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600446

Abstract

Climatic variabilities on millennial and longer time scales with a bipolar seesaw pattern have been documented in paleoclimatic records, but their frequencies, relationships with mean climatic state, and mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the processes and sensitivities that underlie these changes will underpin better understanding of the climate system and projections of its future change. We investigate the long-term characteristics of climatic variability using a new ice-core record from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, combined with an existing long record from the Dome C ice core. Antarctic warming events over the past 720,000 years are most frequent when the Antarctic temperature is slightly below average on orbital time scales, equivalent to an intermediate climate during glacial periods, whereas interglacial and fully glaciated climates are unfavourable for a millennial-scale bipolar seesaw. Numerical experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with freshwater hosing in the northern North Atlantic showed that climate becomes most unstable in intermediate glacial conditions associated with large changes in sea ice and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the prerequisite for the most frequent climate instability with bipolar seesaw pattern during the late Pleistocene era is associated with reduced atmospheric CO

Keywords: Antarctica ice sheet; Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation; abrupt climate change; climate model; ice core; paleoclimate

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