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Fambro LA, Vandenbos DD, Rosenberg MB, et al. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Rapid Characterization of Lead-Free Gunshot Residues. Appl Spectrosc. 2017;71(4):699-708doi: 10.1177/0003702816689099.
Fambro, L. A., Vandenbos, D. D., Rosenberg, M. B., & Dockery, C. R. (2017). Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Rapid Characterization of Lead-Free Gunshot Residues. Applied spectroscopy, 71(4), 699-708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702816689099
Fambro, Lashaundra A, et al. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Rapid Characterization of Lead-Free Gunshot Residues." Applied spectroscopy vol. 71,4 (2017): 699-708. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702816689099
Fambro LA, Vandenbos DD, Rosenberg MB, Dockery CR. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Rapid Characterization of Lead-Free Gunshot Residues. Appl Spectrosc. 2017 Apr;71(4):699-708. doi: 10.1177/0003702816689099. Epub 2017 Mar 14. PMID: 28374611.
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Appl Spectrosc. 2017 Apr;71(4):699-708. doi: 10.1177/0003702816689099. Epub 2017 Mar 14.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Rapid Characterization of Lead-Free Gunshot Residues.

Applied spectroscopy

Lashaundra A Fambro, Deidre D Vandenbos, Matthew B Rosenberg, Christopher R Dockery

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA.

PMID: 28374611 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816689099

Abstract

This study investigated the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) as means of characterizing gunshot residue (GSR) originating from commercially available lead-free rounds. Data from two experiments are presented in this work. One experiment focused on identifying prominent analytical markers present in lead-free GSR by LIBS while the other applied SEM-EDX to determine the degree of evidence preservation after LIBS analysis. Samples of GSR were collected via tape-lift method from the hands of volunteer shooters and instrumental analyses were conducted in triplicate. As a result, the lead-free ammunition analyzed in this work generated GSRs comprising primarily Ba, Al, Si, and/or K. Trace amounts of Ti, Fe, and S were also apparent in some compositions. Through SEM-EDX analysis, a spheroidal geometry consistent with traditional lead-containing GSR was observed. Additionally, it was determined that evidence is preserved after LIBS analysis which supports the implementation of LIBS as a rapid preliminary screening method followed by confirmatory testing via SEM-EDX on the preserved evidence.

Keywords: Gunshot residue; LIBS; SEM-EDX; evidence preservation; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

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